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“中国锚”为世界经济注入信心(评论员观察)

2017-08-09 07:31:17   中国青年网

把脉中国经济,或许能更清晰地看到:中国转型的思路并不仅仅是激活“旧动能”,更是培育“新动能”

“中国经济又让苦恼焦虑、喋喋不休的否定论者失算了”“‘世界经济引擎’的后劲依然充足”“我们必须拥抱世界,特别是中国”……这段时间,随着中国二季度经济数据“浮出水面”,西方不少学者和智库媒体纷纷发表文章,积极评价中国经济的韧性和基本面。西方对中国经济的“再发现”,也充分说明,“中国锚”正在为世界经济注入信心。

每个人都希望在不确定的时代寻找到确定性。相比于“阴霾笼罩”的世界经济,稳中有进的中国经济,确实堪称是一道亮丽的风景线。从经济增速连续8个季度保持在6.7%—6.9%的区间,到工业增速创下2015年以来最好水平,再到就业形势持续向好,稳定的增长、结构的优化、“含金量”的提升,令外媒一再惊叹,“中国充当了市场的稳定之锚”。

诺贝尔经济学奖获得者科斯说过,经济学者要从“黑板经济学”回到“真实的世界”。站在远处,用“望远镜”遥望中国,多少还显得有些隔阂,走进中国人真实的生活世界,用“显微镜”观察正在发生的变化,可能会有更为深刻的感触。扫码进店、自动买单、没有收银员的“无人超市”,可以随意摘挂的“壁纸电视”,能够实现“一键感应”的智能家居……越来越多的新技术、新产业、新应用,正从纸上概念加速变成现实,“飞入寻常百姓家”,在为中国人民带来更加方便、快捷、新鲜体验的同时,也在革新着我们的生活方式和消费方式。身处中国的国外友人不禁感慨,“一离开中国你就会觉得自己落伍了。”百姓的生活,是经济最直观的晴雨表。微观生活中的变化,折射的正是稳中向好的中国宏观经济:“转”的进程在加快、“新”的态势在显现、“活”的气质在提升。

时间总会给怀疑以最深刻的解答。几年前,中国大力推行“互联网+”行动计划之初,很多西方学者或多或少还在怀疑:仅靠对传统产业的改造升级,中国经济源头能否“再注活水”?当“扫码即开”的共享单车遍布街头,当“复兴号”驰骋于京沪高铁,当中国的家电企业实现从卖产品到提供智能装备的“蝶变”,再次把脉中国经济,他们或许能更清晰地看到:中国转型的思路并不仅仅是激活“旧动能”,更是培育“新动能”。正如《华尔街日报》所评价的,“中国曾经以廉价劳动力闻名于世,现在它有了其他东西来贡献给世界——创新。”不断播撒下的创新“火种”,正成为中国奇迹“第二阶段”的新动能。从这个角度而言,中国经济增速一度放缓,与其说是动力不足,毋宁说是新旧动能转换下的主动调整。

与“改旧”“育新”相比,中国在破解“硬约束”上的努力,同样令人瞩目。从坚定不移淘汰落后产能,到因地制宜、分城施策调控房地产市场,再到把“防范化解金融风险”摆在重要位置,这几年,中国始终以壮士断腕的勇气矢志推进供给侧结构性改革,解决经济发展的深层次矛盾和问题,既治标也治本,既防“黑天鹅”,也防“灰犀牛”,在不断拔除风险源的同时,也形成了一整套完整的发展理念,给世界以有益的启示。过去,很多发展中国家都是“眼睛向西”,热衷于“西天取经”,而如今,不仅是发展中国家,很多发达国家也纷纷提出要向东看,寻找“东方宝典”。

“中国经济何以能?”这是一个令无数人着迷的问题。但正如英国学者马丁·沃尔夫所言,一些人之所以一而再再而三地错误预言中国经济,其实是因为他们已经习惯了用西方的思考方式解答“中国谜题”。对中国经济的误解,既有偏见,更有知识谱系的不足。在这个意义上,一些海外历史学者倡导的,跳出“西方中心论”,而“以中国为方法”,或许是更值得借鉴的观察中国的方法。

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