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诗必须能读出来(作家谈)

2017-08-09 04:34:47   中国青年网

中华诗词大会很受欢迎,抢答、背诵、朗读古代诗歌是一个大亮点。继承弘扬中国优秀的诗歌文化,说起来很大,其实很具体,那就是读诗。一首一首地读,一遍一遍地读,把诗的节奏韵律,把中国诗歌语言的力量和美放开读,读出声音来,读到人的心里头去。这就是体验诗歌精神的最佳入境。旧体诗是这样,新诗也是这样。几年前,曾和“为您读诗”的制作人讨论诗歌。基本共识就是:诗必须和声音联在一起,必须能读出来。一个“读”字,把诗的本性和本质都说清楚了。

在文学界服务多年,算是赶上一点中国新诗发展的一个繁荣期。那个时候的“四五诗歌”以及《天安门诗抄》,在读者中传播那么广,那么有力量,一个很重要的原因就是能大声读出来。那个时候的“朦胧诗”,也是首先用声音影响一代年轻诗人和广大读者。更多时候,我所处的是中国诗歌的“沉默年代”。也不知从什么时候开始,诗歌的声音就越来越微弱,越来越稀小,最后就发不出声来了。一代一代的诗人倒是不少,但都划到许许多多的小圈子里,远远离开生活,过着自己的封闭的日子。诗风很开放,很自由,品种倒是齐全,可是读不出声。拿不到台面上读,不能大声读,更不能理直气壮地读。就算在自己圈子里读,听起来也是属于无病呻吟之类的。当时讽刺诗歌现状流行着一句话:写诗的比读诗的多。默诗写多了,读者当然锐减。没有读者,诗人们只好自己把玩,自己消费。有人认为这是诗歌回归常态。想来想去,怎么也无法同意这种看法。

很赞同“杭哟杭哟”派的观点。诗歌起源于劳动,来自现实生活,当然要发出声音。诗歌所有的内涵,都要能够通过这样的声音表达出来。当代诗歌千变万化,流派纷呈,丰富多彩,但万变不离其宗,不能丢了这个“魂”。这是诗歌的基本观点、基本理念、基本关系。话是这么说,真实的情况却是,很长一个时期里,这种观点并不占诗歌理念的主流,甚至被挤到很边缘可以被忽略的位置。诗歌理念转换来转换去不是大不了的事,然而这种转换要是突破了基本关系的底线,诗歌的创作就会出大问题了。中国诗歌的“沉默年代”是不是突破了基本关系的底线,学界可以争议。但是这个时期,社会读者对中国诗歌很不满意,甚至无情抛弃却是不争的事实。

声音之于诗歌的重要性,越来越被我们认识到。诗歌要发展繁荣,必须重视朗诵,必须发声。主题深刻、内容厚实、文句优美固然重要,但能朗读是前提。没有朗读,就体现不了诗歌的意义。这不仅符合诗歌的传播规律,在一定程度上也可以看作是诗歌的创作原则。应该把朗读放到这样的层面上认识,才能更深刻把握诗歌的价值和生命力。有诗歌爱好者说,凡是好诗,大多能读出声来。凡是那些不好的诗,大多读不出声。这话包含有朴素的真理,甚至可以当作一种基本的评判标准,用来区分认定诗的好坏。以此来呼唤诗人们写出可读的诗,呼唤传递生活声音的诗,呼唤好诗,大概不会错的。

中国是一个诗歌大国。诗人多、作品多是一个指标,但老百姓爱诗读诗的伟大传统才是诗歌大国的坚强支撑。用朗诵用读声建设诗歌文化生态,倒逼中国诗人为老百姓写诗写好诗,这不仅满足了老百姓的精神需求,还能把中国当代诗歌给拯救了。

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