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开前门堵后门 中央重拳整改地方债

2017-08-08 14:39:34   中国经济网

  时代周报特约记者 谢艺观 发自广州

7月开始,地方债成为了各级会议上的常见话题。

7月15日,第五次全国金融工作会议提出,严控地方政府债务增量,终身问责,倒查责任。7月24日,中共中央政治局部署下半年经济工作会议,提出要有效规范地方政府举债融资。7月28日,国务院常务会议部署积极稳妥化解累积的地方政府债务风险,坚决遏制隐性债务增量。

8月2日,财政部发布《关于试点发展项目收益与融资自求平衡的地方政府专项债券品种的通知》(89号文),被认为标志着开始打造中国版“市政收益债”。

从全国金融工作会议,到中央政治局会议,再到国务院常务会议,严管信号释放强烈,中央这次下了“狠功夫”。

近年来,我国政府一直致力于打造地方债风险管理“全链条”。在“开前门堵后门”的治理新理念下,中央为开好“前门”推出多种收益专项债,并为堵住“后门”首提终身负责制,出台一揽子政策文件。

中央财经大学财经研究院院长王雍君向时代周报记者表示:“目前多个文件的下发和‘开前门堵后门’的监管思路,为地方政府提供了一个合法的融资渠道。地方政府可以充分利用这个渠道去融资,不用再打‘擦边球’或者违反相关文件的规定违规举债。”

 政府债增速明显放缓

近年已有多个地方政府进入违规举债问责名单。

7月12日,财政部网站公布《湖北省依法依规问责处理个别地区违法举债问题防范区域性财政金融风险》。湖北省政府对今年5月财政部反映的黄石经济技术开发区违法举债问题进行调查核实后,对存在的问题进行了限期整改,并问责相关负责人。

今年1月初,财政部致函内蒙古、山东、河南、四川、重庆等五省市人民政府及商务部、银监会,建议核实处理个别违法违规问题,依法问责部分市县违法违规举债担保行为,处理个别企业和金融机构违法违规行为。

财政部副部长刘伟在7月28日的国新办新闻发布会上介绍,截至今年6月底,地方政府债务余额为15.86万亿元,全国人大批准的2017年地方政府债务限额是18.82万亿元。他表示,去年政府负债率为36.7%,低于主要市场经济国家和新兴市场国家水平,风险总体可控。

刘伟等相关负责人也就地方债管理给出具体回应:各地都在抓紧整改,解除违规担保,积极与社会资本方协商纠正不规范的做法,力度很大,预计会有比较好的改观。

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