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苏轼号“东坡居士”竟与忠县有关

2017-08-08 08:51:22   中国青年网

忠县城内的东坡梯。

持钱买花树, 城东坡上栽。 但购有花者, 不限桃杏梅。 ——白居易《东坡种花》(节选)

提到白居易,几乎所有人都知道他在古时忠州东坡种树的故事。

“所谓东坡即是忠州东边的一个小山坡。”忠县本土文化研究者林亚才说,在东坡,白居易亲自种下桃树、木莲、荔枝等,他在诗中用“红者霞艳艳,白者雪皑皑”“花枝荫我头,花蕊落我怀”来形容自己对东坡的喜爱。

可你知道吗?“东坡”还承载了一段跨越时空的仰慕之情,这位仰慕者就是宋代大诗人苏轼,而他仰慕的对象正是白居易。

1059年,苏洵、苏轼、苏辙父子三人赴京做官时,船过忠州,苏轼久闻白居易在忠州做过刺史,执意停船登岸一游。20年后,他被贬黄州(今湖北黄冈),在一片荒野上,他像白居易一样辛勤躬耕,并自号“东坡居士”。

重庆师范大学鲜于煌教授介绍,1079年,苏轼被降职为黄州团练副使。这个职位相当低微,为此,苏轼相当苦闷。

期间,苏轼在诗文中多次提到白居易,他在文章中写道:“乐天自江州司马除忠州刺史……某虽不敢自比,然谪居黄州……出处老少,大略相似”。

“苏轼可以说是白居易的‘铁粉’。”林亚才认为,学界不少专家推测,他既然来到忠州,一定去过东坡缅怀偶像。

我们在采访中也了解到,从古至今,学界对“东坡居士”来自于白居易的东坡都持肯定态度。如宋代文学家周必大在《二老堂诗话》中说,“本朝苏文忠公不轻许可,独敬爱乐天……谪居黄州,始号东坡,其源必起于乐天忠州之作也。”现代研究苏东坡的著名学者陈迩东也在《苏东坡诗词选》中表示,东坡是“作者对于前代大诗人白居易在忠州东坡垦地种花的一种仰慕和趋步。”

如今,忠县还保留着一条名为“东坡路”的老街。黄昏时分,暑热渐退,我们穿过老街中段一座高3米多的老城门,再往前走了不到5分钟,便见一坡长而陡的石梯,当地人称之为“东坡梯”。

看着石梯上来来往往的路人,林亚才说,“这坡石梯的名字是老百姓为了纪念白居易的东坡而起,每踩一步好像都能踏出诗的韵律来。”

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