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过高的退票费助长了黄牛经济

2017-08-08 06:03:04   中国青年网

由于演出公司自身原因推迟或取消演出,没有相应的赔偿约定,但是对出于消费者原因的退票,却扣除巨额费用,这不符合市场经济的契约精神。

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7月19日,北京消费者李先生在大麦网预订了两张总价2560元的演出票。5天后,李先生购入了两张规格更高的票,打算将之前的订单取消。李先生联系大麦网要求退单,被告知须支付256元的手续费。消费者认为,按照《消费者权益保护法》中有关七日无理由退货的规定,大麦网不应收取手续费。(《中国消费者报》8月4日)

近年来,越来越多的消费者选择通过网络平台购买演出票,如果因消费者原因退票,通常会被扣除高额退票费。笔者认为,演出票具有时效性、专有性等特殊性,符合法律规定的“除外”情况。从市场经济的效率原则来看,收取适度的退票费是合理的。

大麦网关于退票的规定是:消费者取消订票,演出开始日期大于45天的收取票值的30%退票手续费,距离演出开始日期30~45天的支付50%退票手续费,当距离演出开始日期小于20天时,消费者不能退票,且同一消费者申请退、换票不得超过两张。李先生被收10%的退票手续费,据说已有减免。

但是,售票公司制订的退票规则也须遵循公平原则。从立法精神来看,即便是合同约定,但也要符合公平原则,这与经济效率同等重要。大麦网等一些演出公司单方面制订的退票规则,往往对自己的责任约束过宽,例如由于演出公司自身原因推迟或取消演出,没有相应的赔偿约定,但是对出于消费者原因的退票,却扣除巨额费用,这不符合市场经济的契约精神。

从演出市场规律看,不少演出票“一票难求”,很容易实现二次销售。在能二次销售的情况下对消费者扣除如此高额的违约费用,这是违背市场规律的。

过于严厉的退票违约责任,将使消费者的门票转入“地下经济”。例如20天内的演出不准退票,消费者必然将门票卖给“黄牛”,进而影响市场秩序,这不符合经营者利益。比如,韩国就对演出业规定,提前10天以上取消预约应给予全额退款,提前7天、3天、1天取消预约应分别退还90%、80%、70%的票面金额,哪怕在演出当日,开演前取消预约还可以得到票价10%的退款。

生产者、经营者和消费者是市场平等的主体,应该在公平原则下明确权力与义务。因而,高额退票费也要遵循公平原则,经营者不能制订对消费者过于苛责、对自己却轻责或免责的退票规则。

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