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建立容错纠错机制为创新者撑腰

2017-08-08 05:31:35   中国青年网

董润明

自贸试验区最重要的使命就是制度创新,创新必然有风险,有失败的可能。为了减免创新承受的不当压力,激发创新的动力,大连市应该建立为自贸区建设中大胆改革创新者鼓劲撑腰的容错机制,且容错机制必须有法规制度的保障,应该以地方法规制度的形式明确“在自贸试验区进行的创新未能实现预期目标,但是符合国家确定的改革方向,决策程序符合法律、法规规定,未牟取私利或者未恶意串通损害公共利益的,对有关单位和个人不作负面评价,减免相关责任”,这样,中国(辽宁)自贸试验区大连片区的先行先试才能从根本上得到保障。

容错机制在为改革创新者护航,让他们轻装上阵方面有两大功效。

第一,容错机制能够为改革创新者降低风险压力。

凡是改革创新,即存在风险,自贸区建设中的改革创新风险更是无法避免,并且,改革因其收益高,伴随着的风险也相对大。对于改革者来说,越是创新,越要承受风险。有了容错机制就能为改革创新者有效降低风险压力。

第二,容错机制能够激励改革创新者不断试错探索。

改革创新过程实际上是一个不断试错的过程。既然是试错就要允许探索、宽容失败。宽容失败的目的是要让失败者重拾信心、敢于再拼再试。改革创新中的失败只是一项工作、一件事情的失败,改革创新永无止境,“摸着石头过河”的探索过程不应该被终止,容错机制起到的应该就是这样的作用。

容错不能成为乱作为的“挡箭牌”。“担该担之责,惩应罚之过”。容错机制的对象只能是正确行使公共权力的改革者和创新者,容错免责的前提条件必须是改革创新虽未达预期目标,但是过程中坚持了依法决策、按程序决策、不谋私利。这些要件构成了容错免责的基本条件。对改革创新者的错误不能缺乏包容之心,但也不能让容错机制成为乱作为者的“挡箭牌”。

容错机制不能成为乱作为干部的“保护伞”。公共权力的行使如果不受约束则会成为滋生贪腐的毒瘤,其结果和表现形式常常表现为公共决策过程中的个人独断专行,侵犯公共利益。这样的改革创新不是出自客观理性,而是个别人的心血来潮和行使公共权力的随意任性。对于这种滥用公共权力、乱作为的干部,即使其所犯下的是再小的错误也不能容忍。

容错机制不能成为乱作为者逃避责任的“护身符”。诚然,用容错机制来为改革创新者“撑腰”、“打气”,对改革失误进行责任豁免,是责任政府的必然要求。但是,容错机制中的免责条款不是乱作为和违纪违法的“尚方宝剑”。对于握着公权、占着位子的乱作为者要问责,对于“乱作为”造成“重大失误”的更应该追责,绝不能让容错机制成为其逃避责任的借口。

“容”与“纠”要结合。从政府治理的角度讲,建立容错机制是国家治理现代化的重要课题。在国家治理体系现代化进程中,要落实容错机制,必须要建立健全对公共权力运行的制约和监督的纠错机制。因为任何人、任何政策都不可能先知先觉、不犯错误,当措施不正确时,制度能及时发现和纠正,避免出现全局性、长期性的政策失误,这就是纠错机制的存在意义。容错、纠错是一个整体,二者应该配套并行,在出台容错机制的同时,也应该强化纠错机制的建设。

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