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【砥砺奋进的五年·法治篇】执行难虽已破题 但未来仍需下大力气

2017-08-07 18:01:06   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者曹胜济):执行难成因复杂,由来已久。2016年的全国“两会”上,最高人民法院院长周强曾向与会的全国人大代表、政协委员们公开承诺:用两到三年时间,基本解决执行难问题。一时引发外界广泛关注。

作为司法程序的最后一个环节,执行的顺利与否,不仅事关当事人个人权益,更关系到法律权威,司法公信力。造成执行难的因素很多,其中既有司法不公、地方保护义等现象的存在,也有执行制度不健全、公民法制观念淡薄、我国社会诚信体系尚未建立等诸多因素使然。中国人民大学法学院教授陈卫东指出,执行难一直是中国司法实践中面临的一个顽疾。全面向执行难宣战,是依法治国的召唤,满足的是民众迫切的司法需求。“执行难一直是中国司法实践中的一个顽疾,由于判决得不到执行,严重影响了人民法院的司法公信力。所以多年来中国司法改革把解决执行难作为主要的目标,通过破解执行难,实现人民法院判决的内容,实现当事人诉讼的初衷。从目前来看,这轮司法改革对破解执行难是前所未有的重视。”

近年来,司法机关持续加大破解执行难的力度。为了解决“人难找,财产难寻”的关键问题,2014年12月,最高法正式开通网络执行查控体系。而在2016年里,这一体系已与中国人民银行、公安部、交通部、工商总局、银监会、证监会等部门,也包括腾讯、支付宝、京东等完成了网络查控对接,实现对被执行人在全国范围内的银行存款(包括网络银行)、车辆、船舶、证券、身份证件、组织机构代码/统一社会信用代码、工商登记、人民币结算账户和银行卡消费记录等信息的查询和部分控制。与此同时,法院系统也在对自身存在的不规范执行现象“开刀”,手段之一是也是通过网络实现监管。最高法审委会专职委员刘贵祥曾就此表示:“建立四级法院统一办案平台,对所有执行案件实行网络化、全方位的监控和管理,重点解决内部存在的消极执行、拖延执行甚至违规执行的问题。”

针对执行过程中规则不足,制度不健全问题,最高法在过去一年多的时间里密集出台了关于“网络司法拍卖”、“变更追加执行当事人”、“财产保全”等十多部司法解释。此外,失信惩戒机制也得到了进一步完善。通过多部门有效协调与合作,“老赖”们一旦被录入法院黑名单,旋即丧失了乘坐飞机、高铁、列车软卧、办理贷款、信用卡申请、担任企业高管、参与政府采购和招投标等权利,可谓寸步难行。情节严重的失信被执行人,还会被依法追究刑事责任。有数据显示,从建立联合信用惩戒制度以来,已经有近百万名失信被执行人慑于信用惩戒主动履行了义务。

根据最高法披露的数据,截至2017年3月,我国各级法院共受理执行案件614.9万件,执行到位金额1.5万亿元,同比上升54%。可以说,破解执行难到目前已经取得了一定的成效,但也面临很多困难,例如执行体制的改革需要立法予以支持;公民的诚信水平和重视程度还有待加强,仅仅依靠惩戒不能彻底解决问题等。今年“两会”期间,最高人民法院院长周强曾坦言,解决执行难任重道远。未来必须下更大力气。“基本解决执行难虽然已经破题,藩篱正在拆除,道路已经打通,但任务仍然十分艰巨。我们要始终坚持以人民呼声为第一信号,迎难而上,不退缩、不动摇,锲而不舍地加强执行规范化和信息化建设,确保如期实现‘用两到三年时间基本解决执行难’目标。”

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