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洞朗是无可争议的中国领土 印度的“借口”从何而来?

2017-08-07 09:02:55   央广网

央广网北京8月7日消息(记者朱敏)据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道,8月2日,中国外交部官网刊登了《印度边防部队在中印边界锡金段越界进入中国领土的事实和中国的立场》文件。这是自6月18日印度边防军队进入中国领土,并非法滞留一个多月后,中方发布的最长、最完整的一份文件。事实表明,洞朗是无可争议的中国领土。那么,印度的“借口”从何而来?背后有什么原因?

洞朗,位于中国西藏自治区亚东县,西与印度锡金邦相邻,南与不丹王国相接。长期以来,中国边防部队和牧民一直在该地区开展巡逻和放牧活动。2017年6月16日,中方在洞朗地区进行道路施工。6月18日,印度边防部队270多人携带武器,连同2台推土机,在多卡拉山口越过锡金段边界线100多米,进入中国境内阻挠中方的修路活动。印度对自己行为的首要辩解,是对中方修路有“安全关切”,还辩称洞朗是不丹领土,至少是“中不争议领土”。事实如何呢?中国外交部在《立场书》中明确说明,1890年,中国和英国签订《中英会议藏印条约》,划定了中国西藏地方和锡金之间的边界。目前,洞朗地区与锡金之间的边界是中印边界锡金段的一部分。

中国外交部发言人耿爽在7月12日的例行记者会上也明确表示,锡金段边界的由来有特殊的历史背景。它是目前中印间唯一一段已经划定的边界。完全不同于从未正式划定的东中西段边界。1890年《中英会议藏印条约》正式划定了该段边界。中印两国政府均承认条约的有效性。该条约无论对中国,还是印度都是有效的,具有法律约束力。

印度这种自认为“为不丹挺身而出”的做法,不丹并不买账。中印军事对峙近两个月以来,不丹除了在6月份在外交部网站上发表一份声明,轻轻说了声希望中国不要改变边界现状之外,王室内阁就不再吱声。此后,印度又换了个理由,说中、印、不三国的交界点在巴塘拉,而不在支莫挚山即吉姆马珍山,直接把三国交界点往北移动数十公里,将多卡拉放在了未定界内,这样印军就不算“入侵”了。

中国社科院边疆所西南边疆研究室副主任张永攀表示,这种说法完全是辩解。《中英会议藏印条约》的第一款讲到洞朗地区的边界划分方法,它是从支莫挚山,支莫挚山是与不丹交界的地方,就是今天我们所指的中国、不丹和印度的三国交界点。从三国交界点沿着分水岭一直到尼泊尔边界,以这个分水岭为界,流入梯斯塔河流域的那一半属于锡金,流入莫竹河就是今天的亚东河,这个水的流域属于中国西藏的。洞朗地区下雨时的雨水以分水岭为界,这块地方是完全属于中国西藏。实际上,在1980年条约之前,按照传统的历史划分方法,也是按照这样进行划界的。

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