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高原冻土区建设高速路难在哪

2017-08-07 07:33:36   中国青年网

图为青海省共和至玉树高速公路。 魏 伟摄

核心阅读

青海省共和至玉树高速公路8月1日全线建成通车。这是世界首条高海拔高寒多年冻土区高速公路,也是我国首条穿越青藏高原多年冻土区高速公路。

施工期间,科研人员在无任何现成经验可供参照的情况下,取得多项技术突破,对于我国今后在高原、高寒地区建设隧道、桥梁和道路工程具有极高参考价值。

共玉高速公路的建成将加速青南藏区与西藏、四川等周边藏区协同发展,推动藏区与内地进一步交流。

8月1日,世界首条高海拔高寒多年冻土区高速公路、我国首条穿越青藏高原多年冻土区高速公路——青海省共和至玉树高速公路正式通车运营。通车后,从青海省会西宁市到玉树市的行程将由昔日的12小时左右缩短至8小时。

共玉高速公路被称为高海拔、高寒、高速“三高”公路。该公路由中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司(简称中交一公院)负责项目全线的总体设计并承担科研攻关任务,建设者们克服了极为恶劣的自然环境,攻坚克难,自主创新,创下了多项公路建设史上的纪录。

“量身定制”新工艺

面对共玉高速公路需要穿越多年冻土区的现实情况,科研人员消化吸收多年冻土研究成果,反复试验,创新技术手段,攻克了冻土消融这一世界性技术难题

共玉高速公路是《国家公路网规划》(2013年至2030年)中,国家高速G0613西宁至丽江公路在青海境内的重要路段,也是通往玉树地区的“生命线”公路通道。公路全长634.8公里,平均海拔4100米以上,其中穿越多年冻土区里程达227公里,占路线总长的36%。

多年冻土是指在天然条件下,冻结状态持续3年或3年以上的土体,主要分布在高纬度或高海拔寒冷地区。虽然我国已经对冻土公路进行了50多年的研究和观测,但现有成果主要针对二级及以下等级公路和青藏铁路,并无应用于高速公路的直接经验。

在多年冻土区进行路基、隧道、桥涵施工,不可避免地会引发冻土消融,在全国乃至世界都没有解决这个问题的技术先例,这是共玉高速公路建设中必须解决的世界性技术难题。

建设者调研发现,共玉高速公路沿线具有多年冻土区情况复杂、高温高含冰量路段占比大、热稳定性差等特点,导致在其基础上建设的道路结构尺度比一般等级公路和铁路大3至5倍。为此,技术人员要着力解决“宽”“厚”“黑”的问题。

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