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弹幕,能否“飞”到汉语教学课堂里?

2017-08-07 07:33:08   央广网

一年前,就读于泰国曼松德·昭帕亚皇家师范大学中文专业的林希鹏开始接触中文视频中的弹幕。他最初的想法是通过弹幕学中文,因为在观看视频中遇到听不懂的词,可以根据弹幕,去进一步按图索骥。“这样不仅能学到不少新词,而且可以了解观看者所关注的点,从而可以理解中文思维。”林希鹏说。

林希鹏所说的弹幕,在日前教育部发布的《中国语言生活状况报告》中是这样解释的:网络视频中像子弹一样“发射”的网民评论。起初,弹幕只是作为一种小众化的网络社交(娱乐)方式在青少年网络群体中流行。近年来,随着国内网络流行文化影响日盛,弹幕这一字幕形式开始为更多人所熟知,并渐渐进入大众网络语言生活。

“学习汉语的新用法”

“我记得从一档名为《爱情保卫战》的电视节目的弹幕中,学到了一个词‘菜鸟’,用来表示‘新手’。”林希鹏还喜欢看一些体育类节目的弹幕,比如排球比赛。“主要是能学到一些汉语的新用法。”

记者在采访中了解到,一些喜欢通过弹幕学习中文的学习者,年龄相对较小。这也符合弹幕的使用群体情况:《中国语言生活状况报告》数据显示,弹幕的用户主体以25岁以下青年学生为主力,其次是国内较早接触日漫、游戏的“70后”“80后”一代。“90后”“00后”是最迷恋弹幕文化的群体。他们与互联网及网络游戏共同成长,是具有网络文化自信的一代。

该报告分析认为,弹幕的吸引力不仅在于其为观众的表达欲、创作欲,搭建了舞台,还在于观众内心吐槽被他人表达出来时所感受到的心弦触动,继而升腾出“你不是一个人”的情感共鸣,契合了观众对于构建“观影共同体”的心理期待。

就此,北京外国语大学孟德宏老师表示,一些中文学习者喜欢通过弹幕学习语言,主要原因在于弹幕形式新颖、活泼,互动感很强,对观看的人来说,有存在感却又没有被纠正的紧张感。

曾就读于北京外国语大学、来自日本的小松洋大说:“一边看自己喜欢的视频一边学习中文,这种学习形式很自由。而且可以学到不一样的词语。”

解读需做语境还原

“有时候我觉得弹幕有点乱,因为会同时弹出很多字。”在林希鹏看来,弹幕确实增加了一种学习中文的途径,但并非完美无缺。“我周围的同学就有不喜欢的,他们还是喜欢传统的学习方式。”

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