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防控“灰犀牛” 重在早应对(金海观潮)

2017-08-07 06:32:47   中国青年网

■“灰犀牛”事件大多不是小问题,且早有预兆,但常被视而不见。不了解风险所在、不重视风险苗头,可能是最大的风险

■在变幻难测的金融风险面前,居安思危,知危图安,力求见事早、出招快,是需要始终坚持的策略和态度

“灰犀牛”成为热词,表明社会各方对金融安全高度关注。对于各类风险苗头,如果疏忽大意、应对不力,就有可能酿成冲击底线的风险事件。全国金融工作会议提出,“早识别、早预警、早发现、早处置,着力防范化解重点领域风险”。这四个“早”提醒我们,抢占先机对于风险防范至关重要,只有增强危机意识,保持高度敏感,才能有效把控局面,守住底线。

之所以要“早”,与金融风险的特点有关。金融是一个极易发生风险的领域,而且突发性、传染性、危害性强,不仅“黑天鹅”会突如其来,看似行动缓慢的“灰犀牛”变身愤怒的“狂牛”,往往也在转瞬之间。因此,对待风险隐患须格外小心,很多时候一旦出了事就来不及了。不了解风险所在、不重视风险苗头,可能是最大的风险。在变幻难测的金融风险面前,居安思危,知危图安,力求见事早、出招快,是需要始终坚持的策略和态度。

坚持“早”,还能将金融风险的不利影响控制在最小。防范,是将问题解决在萌芽阶段;化解,则是风险事件发生后的应对。上医治未病,防患未然胜过亡羊补牢,防范金融风险付出的代价,要远远小于化解风险。当然,这对前瞻力、预见力提出了更高要求,只有立足于早,关口前移,才能利用好宝贵的时间窗口,尽量减少风险的发生,最大程度降低风险事件可能造成的危害和损失。

有人会想,对金融风险的巨大危害,人们早已有充分认识和切身感受,但回想全球金融史,大大小小各种风险事件一再发生,为什么没能汲取教训却一错再错?如果说“黑天鹅”有突发性、难以预测,还情有可原,但“灰犀牛”事件大多不是小问题,且早有预兆,为何也常常被视而不见?这背后的社会心理和人性弱点表明,“早”防风险,并不容易做到,对人们的态度、决心和能力,都是一个考验。

面对风险,不能心存侥幸。“灰犀牛”事件发生概率不小,但爆发时间点并不确定,有时市场的不理性状态会持续很久。随着时间推移,人们对于显而易见的隐患就会见怪不怪,拖延应付,认为未必会出什么大事。以美国次贷危机为例,当时房地产泡沫已经很明显,还出现了“零首付”等怪象,危机发生前两年,无力还贷的人急剧增加,然而,温水煮青蛙让人产生麻痹,最终温水变成了沸水。从我们目前的情况看,虽然风险总体可控,但也存在一些潜在隐患,防控金融风险被列为当前金融工作三大任务之一,某种意义上就是敲响警钟,体现了高度重视、未雨绸缪的态度。

面对风险,要有坚定意志。应对金融风险和挑战,本质上是对过去一些不当行为的纠错,不可避免要付出代价、经历痛苦。很多时候,人们确实意识到了危险的存在,但如果走出困境需要付出较大代价,就会产生强烈纠结,延误及时采取措施的良机。而且,那些利益受损的群体往往也会成为行动的阻力,这就需要处理好局部和整体、短痛和长痛的关系。刮骨疗毒的勇气,咬住青山的定力,在面对金融风险时显得尤为可贵。

面对风险,还要科学防范。事要做得早,还要做得对。比如,风险苗头往往存在于多处,要分清轻重缓急,把握节奏力度,加强风险源头管控,积极稳妥防范处置突出风险点。再如,一些风险的源头是体制机制漏洞,这就需要通过深化改革加固金融安全防线,完善金融监管体制和风险应急处置机制,从而实现标本兼治,长治久安。

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