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滇中引水工程解水资源匮乏难题

2017-08-07 04:31:24   中国青年网

8月4日上午,在位于云南省昆明市盘龙区的滇中引水工程龙泉倒虹吸接收井建设工地上,一阵整齐嘹亮的汽笛声响彻滇中引水工程建设动员大会会场,中共云南省委书记陈豪宣布滇中引水工程正式开工,1100多万滇中人民的世纪梦想即将梦圆。

滇中地区是全国最严重干旱的地区之一,目前人均占有水资源量仅为700立方米左右,大大低于人均水资源量l700立方米的警戒线,特别是滇池流域仅为166立方米,处于极度缺水状况。1950年至2014年间,滇中发生严重干旱灾害的年份有20余年,且干旱发生的持续时间越来越长、造成损失越来越重。水资源极度匮乏已成为滇中地区可持续发展的最大制约瓶颈。早在20世纪50年代,时任云南省副省长的张冲率专家9次考察金沙江,提出了“引金入滇,五湖通航”的设想。今年4月,经国务院批准,国家发改委批复了《滇中引水工程可行性研究报告》。至此,滇中引水工程万事俱备。

据云南省滇中引水工程办公室副主任、总工程师赵仕杰介绍,滇中引水工程由水源工程和输水工程两部分组成,水源工程位于丽江市玉龙县石鼓镇,从位于石鼓镇上游约1.5公里的金沙江右岸取水,由泵站提水至总干渠渠首。输水工程自丽江石鼓镇望城坡开始,途经丽江市、大理州、楚雄州、昆明市、玉溪市,终点为红河州新坡背,线路全长661.07公里。滇中引水工程受水区共涉及输水总干渠沿线六州(市)35个县(市、区)的34个受水小区,工程施工总工期96个月。

中国工程院院士、长江勘测规划设计院院长钮新强认为滇中引水工程有三大特点,一是输水线路隧洞长达607公里,占比高达91.9%,隧洞比例比国内目前已建成或正在建设的大型引调水工程都高。二是输水隧洞穿越的地质单元区构造复杂,输水工程跨越了金沙江、澜沧江、红河、南盘江四大水系,穿越滇西北横断山脉、中山地貌区及滇中、滇东南盆地山原区。三是与国内已建成或正在建设的引调水工程相比,工程输水隧洞引水流量及隧洞断面大。

赵仕杰表示,只有实施滇中引水工程,才能从根本上解决滇中地区水资源供需矛盾、彻底改变水资源匮乏状况,这是支撑云南省经济社会长远可持续发展的重大战略工程、基础工程、民生工程和生态文明工程。滇中引水工程建成后,各受水小区城镇生活和工业供水保证率达到95%,城镇生活和工业基本不缺水,直接受益人口约1112万,约占全省总人口的24%。该工程生态效益也十分明显,因为工程是无坝引水,对生态环境影响较小,同时将多年平均退还滇中地区挤占的河道内生态环境用水1.98亿立方米/年,有利于改善河流的生态环境。预计到2040年年均可向滇池、杞麓湖、异龙湖补充生态环境用水6.72亿方,预计补水后2030年滇池、杞麓湖和异龙湖水质均能达到Ⅲ类。

(本报记者 张勇)

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