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俄各界做出表态缓解美制裁压力

2017-08-05 08:31:52   中国青年网

中新社莫斯科8月4日电 (记者 王修君)美国出台新制裁法案后,俄各界近日做出系列表态,缓解制裁带来俄外交和社会两方面压力。

新法案影响俄能源项目及两国关系

7月底,美国参、众两院几乎全票通过了一份针对俄罗斯等三国的制裁法案。美国总统特朗普于本月2日批准了该制裁法案。

相较此前美的对俄制裁法案,新法案对向俄能源建筑项目进行融资实施了制裁,并对俄能源设备的进口实施了限制。

有分析指出,这使得俄在建的“北溪—2”天然气管道项目以及波罗的海地区液化天然气进口接收站的建设受到影响,干扰了俄向欧洲的能源出口计划。这对以能源出口收入占国民生产总值近三成的俄来说,打击似乎不小。

除了经济打击外,该份法案更是使得自德国G20峰会以来,略有好转苗头的俄美关系再次进入低谷。

俄总理梅德韦杰夫在社交网站上撰文称,俄罗斯与新一届美国政府改善关系的希望已落空。

特朗普也表示,由于国会的掣肘,美俄关系现处历史最低水平,也是危险水平。

俄针对性回应同时强调对话

面对这一局面,克里姆林宫在作出了针对性回应——暂停美驻俄使馆对莫斯科几处房产的使用权,并要求755名美国驻俄外交机构工作人员停止活动后,仍然把与美国对话的“窗口”敞开着。

普京强调,俄能在很多领域做出限制,让美国方面感受到。但自己不希望“走到那一步”。在当前阶段,自己反对追加对美国其他领域的限制措施。

而俄外交部也发表态说,俄美互相制裁并非俄方选择。俄对“与美国互动持开放态度”。

话音刚落。俄美外长3日就拿起了电话,就朝鲜半岛局势进行了讨论。很明显,在面对复杂国际问题上,制裁只会使双方的回旋余地减少,但合作不会彻底中断。

俄能源界高层表态稳定民心

此次美国出台新制裁法案,并未对俄社会造成冲击。据全俄社会舆论中心的民调结果显示,近半数的受访者认为制裁不会给俄罗斯带来任何影响。

俄外汇市场证明了这一点。自法案被美两院通过后到现在,美元对卢布的汇率仅上涨了不到1卢布。2014年底,俄遭受制裁时民众慌乱,卢布暴跌的情况并未发生。

在这安定形势的背后,俄能源界高层密集表态在一定程度上起到了稳定社会的作用。

俄罗斯石油运输公司总裁托卡列夫认为,新制裁法案未必会收到预期效果。他说,俄油气管道所采用的设备94%为国产,同时当前的能源建设项目也没有向国外贷款,因此制裁影响很小。

制裁可能对在建设中的“北溪—2”和“萨哈林—2”天然气管道项目产生威胁。托卡列夫解释说,但制裁要生效,需要与“当地经济伙伴”协商一致后才可以。但若制裁真生效,则将威胁到荷兰皇家壳牌、法国能源公司、奥地利石油天然气集团等欧洲大能源公司总计高达47.5亿欧元的资金,因此预计投资最终还是会流向“北溪—2”天然气管道项目。

俄罗斯石油公司总裁谢钦说,俄正在把制裁的负面效果最小化,最终制裁带来的负面效果将对美国起作用。

俄高层还强调了制裁带来的有利一面。梅德韦杰夫说,由于制裁,俄金融市场几乎封闭,外国投资者因怕受牵连而不敢对俄投资。这反而对俄有利。因为俄学会了依靠自己力量,开展“进口替代”,发展社会经济。俄最终会挺过制裁。(完)

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