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莲花小史(小贴士)

2017-08-05 04:34:39   中国青年网

莲,是对荷花与睡莲的统称。而我们平日所说的莲多指荷,也称芙蓉、芙蕖、菡萏等。

据考证,原产于亚洲热带和温带湿地沼泽中的莲,是世界上最早的被子植物之一,地球上出现恐龙之前就有生长,其历史超过1.45亿年,堪称“活化石”。

20世纪70年代以来,我国古植物学家和考古工作者,相继在柴达木盆地发现了至今超过1000万年的荷叶化石;在浙江余姚新石器时代河姆渡遗址中,发现了距今已有7000年历史的荷、菱等水生植物花粉化石;在河南郑州仰韶文化遗址上发现了距今5000多年的2粒碳化莲子。80年代,还在湖南石门的殷商古墓中发现了碳化莲子,距今约3500年。在黑龙江、辽宁等地还发现了濒危的野荷花和千年前的古莲植物。目前的考古发现和一些文献资料证明,中国是莲的故乡,“夏日观荷”,在我国可谓源远流长。

“鱼龙成,则薮泽竭,则莲藕掘。”在西周时期,野生荷花也从湖畔沼泽来到了田间池塘。当时古人食用的蔬菜有40余种,莲藕是其中之一。

春秋时期,吴王夫差为方便宠妃西施赏荷,在离宫(即苏州灵岩山)修筑了“玩花池”,移种野生红莲。据说,这是荷花作为观赏植物人工筑池引种的开端。汉以后,荷花的栽培进一步发展,魏晋时,出现了重瓣荷花。此外,在《神农本草经》中,也有对莲藕药用保健功能的记述。

莲不仅以其实用性进入人们的生活,也以其清雅绰约的风姿为人们的精神生活提供了一道美景,成为文化艺术中经久不衰的“选题”。

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