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规范住房租赁政府应把功夫放在租赁市场培育上

2017-08-04 18:02:58   国际在线

8月1日,河南省住建厅《关于进一步推进郑州市住房租赁试点工作的意见》公布,其中提到“发挥国有企业引领作用”,“加强人才公寓建设”,以及“保障租购同权”等具体意见。此外,同时公布的《住房租赁合同示范文本》中明确提到“租赁期间,出租人不得单方面上调房屋租金”等租客保护条款。(8月4日每日经济新闻)

最近一段时间,住房租赁市场的相关规定层出不穷,先是上个月,广州、上海两市推出“租售同权”新政引起热议,有些人认为这个规定为租房客带来了春天,有的人则认为这将会进一步助推学区房的租金和售价继续攀升,当然,现在还只是停留在争论的层面,因为目前试点城市的成绩还不可见,但租房市场的变化却依然引起了大家的关注和讨论。

河南省住建厅这回又在租售同权的基础上进一步加码,公布了官方的《住房租赁合同示范文本》,而且明确指出“租赁期间,出租人不得单方面上调房屋租金”的条款,乍一看,的确是让人振奋,因为官方版本的租赁合同文本必然带着权威和可信,而且在具体规定上又直指租户们在租房时的痛点——房东随意涨房租,这真的是一个利民的大好事,但其实仔细想一想,在每个租房者通过正规中介租到房子的合同文本中,不都有这么一条规定嘛。但再多的规定其实最终也没能阻止住房东随意涨价的决心,因为在住房租赁市场供小于求的情况下,无论发多少禁令和规定,只要有人以更高的价格租房,房东的违约行为其实是很容易发生的。一方面是因为单纯的个人违约不构成违法犯罪,个人作为责任实体很难一一追究责任,另一方面如果真的落实责任追求,必然就得动用执法力量,那么执法成本高企,也是政府相关部门所不能承受的。

在河南省住建厅出台的四项要求中,包括了“加快建设政府住房租赁业务管理和服务平台,发挥国有企业引领作用,保障租购同权,加强人才公寓建设。”等四条建议,对于后两条,大家普遍认为很有必要,但是对于前两条,可能还有值得商榷的地方。

住房租赁作为一项古老的商业形态,其实本质上和其他商业活动一样,都是靠市场的充分竞争和优势劣汰来发展的,但是在当前房价涨幅波动较大、房租也水涨船高的形势面前,住房租赁市场也和二手房市场一样,被政府用行政手段强制“管”起来,这里面当然有稳定住房租赁市场、破解高房价热点城市群众住房难的考量,但是行政手段的运用还是要讲究适时和适度,住房租赁市场其实只要管好住房租赁的经营主体,就基本能遏制住住房租赁市场上的一些非正常现象。

因此,政府相关部门与其在制定租房细则上抠细节,不如用心培育一个成熟的住房租赁市场,比如培育和发展充分自由竞争的住房租赁企业,政府部门不参与住房租赁企业尤其是国企背景的住房租赁企业的筹建,而是依托当地成熟的租赁企业,规范企业经营行为,加强监管力度,用市场充分竞争的手段优胜劣汰,让有管理水平获得市场认可的住房租赁企业来经营住房租赁。

这其实和住房建设市场一样,大家之所以认可万科的房子和物业,还是因为万科在发展的过程中注重了品牌口碑效应,如果地方政府在住房租赁市场上也注重培育这样的本土口碑企业,也一定能在住房租赁市场上起到“四两拨千斤”的管理效果。

在租售同权这样的大是大非的问题上需要政府定调门,这无可厚非,但在具体的一些管理措施上,政府部门没有必要当管家婆,事事亲为,更不必要亲自办企业,来经营住房租赁市场,大市场小政府不是说说,而是简政放权后的具有高度管理艺术和管理智慧的总结和提炼,在这方面,地方政府还有更大空间可为。(王庭)

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