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我国核聚变工程技术领跑全球

2017-08-04 06:32:12   中国青年网

核聚变能因其清洁、环保、安全、原料丰富等特点,被认为是人类未来最有希望的能源之一。由中国、美国、日本、俄罗斯、欧盟、韩国、印度七大经济体共同参与的国际大科学项目——国际热核聚变实验堆ITER计划,是目前世界最大的国际合作组织,ITER也是实现未来商业用聚变能的关键一步。日前,由中国科学院合肥研究院等离子体所承担研制的ITER大型超导磁体系统首个部件研制成功。

磁体馈线系统是ITER部件中最为复杂的系统之一,包含31套不同的馈线,单套长度30米至50米,总重超过1600吨,共计6万余个部件。它是ITER超导磁体系统供电、冷却和提供诊断信号的关键集成通道,被称为ITER主机的生命线。为此,项目承担单位攻坚克难,突破众多技术难点,在高温超导电流引线、超导接头、低温绝热等核心技术方面,取得了诸多国际领先成果。

我国研发的万安级高温超导电流引线,集高载流能力、低冷量消耗和长失冷安全时间三方面优势于一体,替代了日本等发达国家提出的原ITER铜电流引线设计,大大降低了ITER的运行成本和低温系统的建造投入;研发的68kA级高温超导电流引线更是创造了在85kA下运行1小时,90kA下运行4分钟的世界纪录;研发的盒式高载流低损耗超导接头,接头电阻达到0.2纳欧级的世界领先水平,极大保障了ITER装置主机的安全运行……

我国于2006年正式参加ITER计划,用10%的投入得到100%的知识产权,力争在最短时间内吸收消化美、俄等国家数十年的研究成果。等离子体物理研究所继自主建成世界上首个全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置东方超环EAST之后,在ITER超导磁体馈线系统、ITER大型电源等项目上均提出了最优方案并被国际组织采纳,实现中国创造。这不仅消除了ITER未来运行风险,也展示了我国世界领先的技术水平。此外,我国承担的ITER任务100%国产化并以优异性能指标通过国际评估,产品质量100%满足ITER要求,进度在七方参与国家和地区中居前列,创造多项第一。

ITER组织两任总干事均得出评价,“中国在采购包研发生产方面领先于各方”。此外,凭借我方先进的研发和质量水准,他方份额内的有些关键系统和部件,通过国际竞标不得不转包给我方来完成。同时,法国、德国、美国的聚变装置在研制和升级过程中,也数次寻求我国聚变工程关键技术的帮助,要求我方研制部件。

通过承担国家大科学工程项目和参加ITER计划,我国自主发展关键聚变工程技术,在不断创新中实现多项中国创造,填补国际空白。目前,在低温超导材料方面,我国占据国际市场份额的60%;在高温超导电流引线方面,我国的市场占有率达100%。

我国可控核聚变研究始于上世纪60年代初,在国家创新驱动发展战略和建设世界科技强国总目标的引领下,经过多年努力,实现了超导材料、低温材料、大功率电源器件等技术和部件从无到有、到规模化生产并向欧美西方发达国家出口的飞跃,如今真正全球领跑。

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