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历史上的“河神”

2017-08-04 06:07:38   中国青年网

河神雕像。

“九河下梢天津卫,三道浮桥两道关。”最近追剧的小伙伴,应该对这两句话不会陌生,根据天下霸唱“鬼吹灯”系列之后的又一鼎力之作《河神:鬼水怪谈》改编而来的灵奇探案剧《河神》,就在高温酷暑的日子里,带着一丝阴森森的凉意,缓缓进入观众们的视野。

据悉,为了收集原著的素材,天下霸唱足足用了四年时间才写完《河神》,他曾直言,“写一部《河神》耗费的精力相当于八部《鬼吹灯》。”

集侦探推理、悬疑探险、历史掌故、灵异事件和民俗风情于一体的《河神》,讲的是民国年间天津卫伍河捞尸队队长郭得友、漕运商会少爷丁卯、神婆继承人顾影、报社记者肖兰兰阻止邪教组织“魔古道”复辟,其间各种破案的故事。故事以漕运商会会长离奇身亡为开端,破案的过程中又牵扯出新的疑点与人物,扑朔迷离。

九河入海天津拜神自古有之

天津自古就有“九河入海”之说,即众多水系的汇聚之所,天津卫的百姓对水有多依赖就有多敬畏。“九河下梢”则是古人对海河的称呼,海河是中国华北地区的最大水系,中国七大河流之一。海河位于京津冀地区,形成海河流域。在天津合流后的下游称海河。上游包括五大支流即潮白河、永定河、大清河、子牙河、南运河(在海河流域为漳卫河)。“三桥两关”指的就是:钞关浮桥、窑洼浮桥、盐关浮桥与北大关、海河关。

自古以来,以水为生的城市都有自己的信仰,《河神》的故事也与水密切相关,“靠山吃山,靠水吃水,吃水就要敬水。”这是《河神》开篇后出现的一句解说词,从而奠定了这是一个跟水有关的故事。紧接着开篇就是声势浩大的“拜河大典”,老神婆身着白色长袍,头戴白纱斗笠,满面粉妆,率领各路鬼面舞者立于河床,通过庄重宏大的傩戏形式,以敬畏之心祈求风调雨顺,整个场景以红、白、黑为主体色调,搭配具有历史底蕴与神秘色彩乐律和吟唱词:“山栖魈兮,欲夺吾身。水栖鬼兮,欲食吾魂”,既有视觉美感又彰显了民间文化的厚重感。

其实在天津,拜神文明很早就已出现,老人们常说“先有天后庙,后有天津卫。”天后是天津民间对妈祖的亲切称号,是民间信仰最广泛的神祗,她与天津城市的发展息息相关,是整个民间信仰中最受重视的主神。民间昵称其为“娘娘”或“老娘娘”,因而为她建造的宫殿天后宫也被俗称为“娘娘宫”。民间曾把天后与海河比喻为天津城的两位母亲,没有她们,就没有今天的天津城。

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