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故城县郑口镇:大运河上的“小天津卫”

2017-08-03 17:45:20   

进入移动版,省流量,体验好 郑口镇原称郑家口,相传元末明初有一郑氏在此运河上设摆渡口,因此而得名,简称为郑口。历史上,京杭大运河是最重要的交通大动脉,运河古渡码头郑家口,因各地商贾前来经商、落户,逐渐形成了一个小城镇,三街五镇,店铺栉比,客货川流,自古以来素有“小天津卫”之称。1945年6月,故城县城由故城镇迁至郑口。如今的郑口镇作为故城县的政治、经济、文化中心和交通枢纽,正以崭新的姿态展示出灿烂辉煌的美好发展前景。 河北新闻网驻衡水记者 孟宪峰 文/图 商家必争的“风水宝地” 据故城县委常委、宣传部长秦立堂介绍,新中国成立前郑家口并不是县城所在地,只是过往商船落脚的码头。它位于冀、鲁两省交界线上,大运河左岸,是一个历史悠久的古商埠。过去,它以水运码头这个得天独厚的地理位置,吸引了大批外地客商前来投资经商,曾经每年二月和九月都有两次传统的庙会,将盛大的宗教活动和商业、娱乐活动汇集一起,形成节日般的热闹景象。每届会期,八方客商蜂拥而至,更吸引大量周围群众前来看戏或购物。一百五十多年间,郑家口虽屡遭匪患和战乱,依然生意兴隆,经久不衰,成为商家必争的“风水宝地”。 因郑家口地处水陆要冲,商贾云集,到清朝中后期已发展成为规模可观的较大集镇。据《故城县志》记载:“清道光十二年(公元1832年),汰巡检移县丞驻郑镇”,可见这里已是全县唯一繁华的市镇。据说当时运河码头能同时停靠日装卸量达三四十吨的船只五十余艘。早在清中叶之前,郑家口就已经有大量外地资本涌入,从而摆脱了纯地方色彩,具备了“万方辐辏”的大市镇的气势。在众多客商中尤以山西商人的实力最为雄厚。他们曾在郑家口集资修建了一所气势宏伟的“山西会馆”,作为同乡聚会、娱乐、交流经济信息的场所,可惜后来遭遇战乱化为废墟。 村屯文化里的历史密码 在濒临运河的故城县,有一些以“营”“寨”“屯”命名的村庄,它们系古代的军事基地演变而来。据故城县文化学者宋淑敏考证,在离郑口镇不远的地方,黑龙港河畔,有一个叫千户庄的村子,与千户庄一河之隔,地壤相连,炊烟可望的是潘屯、申家屯、张家屯、东宇屯、西宇屯、崔屯六个村庄,这“六屯一庄”都与金代设立的“猛安谋克”组织有关。 据介绍,“猛安谋克”是金代女真社会的最基本组织,具有行政、生产与军事合一的特点。通俗理解,“猛安”是统领千人的军事首领;“谋克”是统领百人的军事首领。宋金时期,金朝统治者为加快女真族的汉化进程,下令从东北地区迁徙女真人到华北汉人地区,令下之日,“比屋连村,屯结而起”。到华北后,将其原有的军事组织“猛安谋克”分别安置在汉人的村庄之间。上文中的“千户庄”,即为“猛安”所在地,其余六屯为六个“谋克”所在地。 追古抚今,当年的“猛安谋克”已留在了人们的记忆里,如今的郑口镇正在以崭新的面貌见证着历史的沧桑巨变。


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