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外卖上高铁 关键在多赢

2017-07-17 10:18:09   

炎炎夏日,乘坐高铁出行的旅客将可以自主预订冰镇冷饮了。据中国铁路总公司宣布,自7月17日起,27个主要高铁客运站将推出动车组列车互联网订餐服务。旅客只要通过平台下单成功,列车服务人员就会把多样化的餐食送到订餐旅客指定的座席。开放经营,送餐到座,铁路部门的这一便民举措可谓诚意满满。

近年来,我国铁路科技水平的迅速提升反衬铁路服务的短板,其中封闭化运营的铁路餐饮成为众矢之的。对乘客来说,一份普通盒饭标价四五十元甚至更高,确实比车厢外贵了不少;但铁路部门也是“哑巴吃黄连,有苦说不出”,为做好餐饮服务专门设置不售票的餐车车厢不说,移动运营、物流配送、餐余清理都比车厢外难度大,而这些困难的根源,是铁路的传统餐饮运营机制与旅客在消费升级大背景下差异化、品质化需求之间的矛盾。

实际上,铁路餐饮是个供需问题。时下,旅客的消费需求发生巨大变化,因此必须改善供给品质以化解供需矛盾,这也符合供给侧结构性改革的大逻辑。不过,如何改善供给品质,那就各有各的招。

市场经济条件下,靠行政命令行不通,那就尝试运用市场手段。今年4月,中国铁路总公司有关负责人提出,高铁餐饮将引入市场竞争机制,搭建向社会开放的高铁餐饮供应信息平台,探索“互联网+高铁餐饮”的模式。在笔者看来,这是找到了解决问题的正确方向。高铁餐饮的问题在于封闭运营,但铁路餐饮并非铁路本身,不是必须通过封闭系统统一调度才能保证安全有序。因此,剥离餐饮服务,利用信息技术,引入市场机制,让“看不见的手”调配资源,丰富高铁餐饮供给,是一举多得的多赢之举。

虽然如此,高铁餐饮改革的实际效用还有待观察。这不仅是因为任何改革都不是一蹴而就的,需要在实践中不断调试和完善;而且,高铁餐饮的市场化改革本身也是个市场行为,铁路部门、旅客、社会餐饮企业是这个改革的三方利益主体,必然存在利益博弈。说到底,高铁餐饮是从垄断经营改成了特许经营,铁路部门希望提高旅客满意度,旅客希望餐饮物美价廉,餐饮企业希望赚取利润,而铁路部门又因特许经营、送餐清扫等向餐饮企业收费,这个利益博弈的循环,正是高铁互联网订餐改革的内核。

改革从来不易,其深层原因在于利益的调整重构过程艰难,必须从旧的平衡通过不断博弈而达成新的更高层次的平衡。因此,只有实现多赢,才能持续长远。在高铁的互联网订餐改革中,铁路部门和社会餐饮企业直接沟通博弈,而旅客的利益诉求应得到更充分的表达和尊重。例如,如何确保社会餐饮企业的食品安全,如何保障外卖能够及时送达车厢,如何让明码标价不变成“明码高价”等,这些问题还需要在实践中检验和完善配套机制,真正把好事办好。

(作者:岳钟 原标题:外卖上高铁 关键在多赢)

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