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章莹颖案:美国为什么不对嫌犯“上手段”

2017-07-16 19:37:51   

首先解释一下“上手段”,就是刑讯逼供,简称用刑。

章莹颖女士已遇害,美国检方的公告说明了这一点。这个结果,人们其实早就心知肚明。

国内有人一直耿耿于怀的是:为什么不早早对绑架她的嫌犯上手段?有关心同胞的跟帖:给我三小时,负责让那坏蛋吐出章莹颖所在!

这倒是真的。对犯罪嫌疑人用刑,往往有效,在我们这儿也有例可援。

唐代的请君入瓮,嫌犯乖乖认罪;大宋包公或大清周星驰断案,动不动大刑伺候,对高危产妇及证人也不例外,均为破案大侠,极少失手。

民国时,《潜伏》在国民党军统的共产党人余则成抓到对手的人,轻松俩字,“用刑”,当事人立马皮开肉绽,十分钟就开口就范。

很多年前的公安破案,抓获了嫌犯,按规定是不能刑讯逼供但有对策,上下明白。“突击审讯”,“在强大的心理攻势之下”,嫌犯开口,顺利破案,保障了人民安全。

可见,警方检方上手段在破大案中功不可没。虽有冤案,但实事求是地说,相对较少,是九个指头与一个指头的关系问题。

这样的事在当代美国不会发生。美国警方不能对不招的嫌犯上手段。或许《肖申克的救赎》监狱里还有执法不严的情况,但是,近50年来也就是1966年以后,警察执法比较规范,鲜闻用刑。

美国警方为什么不能对不招的嫌犯上手段呢?

宪法因素。1791年,美国先贤制定了伟大宪法的十条《权利法案》,是限制政府、方便人民也包括坏蛋的。那年,中国正是大清高宗乾隆时,皇权坚挺,“吾皇万岁万岁万万岁”“君要臣死臣不得不死”口号震天响;这是大约230年前,地球那端的美国,早已是权利本位,强调人人生而平等。

宪法《权利法案》的第一条和第五条,直接对刑讯逼供说不!

第一修正案:国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律:……剥夺言论自由或出版自由……。第五修正案:……任何人不得在任何刑事案件中被迫自证其罪……。

第一条好理解,言论自由嘛。也不是我们想象的那样简单,这里用的是其扩展:人们有说话的自由,也有不说的自由,就像婚姻自由本身包括结婚、离婚、不婚的自由一样。简而言之,嫌犯作为公民有权不开口不坦白,这是宪法第一条确认的神圣权利!

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