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正式起诉章莹颖案嫌疑人意味着什么?

2017-07-14 11:14:36   新华网

美国司法部当地时间12日发表声明说,伊利诺伊州一个联邦大陪审团当天正式起诉绑架中国访问学者章莹颖的嫌疑人布伦特·A·克里斯滕森,原定14日进行的预审取消。如果克里斯滕森最终被判绑架罪名成立,面临的最高刑罚将是终身监禁。

熟悉章莹颖案、长期研究美国法律的律师告诉新华社记者,联邦大陪审团起诉表明案件性质严重,意味着案件进入正式诉讼阶段。

【正式起诉意味着什么?】

联邦大陪审团正式起诉的消息让不少关心案情的民众感到欣慰,这是否说明检方已经掌握足够证据?

联邦最高法院出庭律师张军说,大陪审团起诉的门槛相对较低,检方只需提供“合理根据”,也就是说,目前检方提供的证据说服了大陪审团的大部分成员,证明嫌疑人犯绑架罪的可能性较大。

加利福尼亚州律师公会注册出庭律师邓洪指出,刑事类的案件,联邦检察官比较喜欢采用大陪审团起诉这种方式。检方向大陪审团提供证据时,只有检察官、检察官传讯的证人和陪审团成员在场,不需要公开所有资料,也没有人挑战证人的可信度,95%以上的情况联邦大陪审团都会起诉。

联邦调查局6月30日以涉嫌绑架章莹颖逮捕克里斯滕森。不少关心案情的民众提出疑问:为何过了这么久才起诉?预审为何取消了?

邓洪解释说,依据美国法律,被告在被逮捕的30天之内,检察官必须正式起诉。联邦大陪审团12日正式起诉,这在规定时间范围内。起诉后,案件进入正式诉讼阶段,原定14日的预审便没有必要了。

【下一步如何推进?】

按照诉讼程序,嫌疑人还有机会决定是否认罪。通常辩方律师不会建议嫌疑人认罪,尤其是嫌疑人所犯罪行不轻、可能导致终身监禁的情况下。

邓洪指出,美国宪法第五修正案给予嫌疑人保持沉默的权利,宪法第六修正案给予嫌疑人聘请律师为其辩护的权利。在目前仅有录音资料、尚不确定章莹颖下落的情况下,嫌疑人有很大可能性选择保持沉默。

张军认为,案件很可能直接进入庭审,出现戏剧性变化的可能性不大。但庭审前会有很多动议,双方会进行交锋。辩护律师会挑战检方提出的各种证据,因为陪审团看到的证据越少,对当事人解脱罪责越有利。如果指控成立,检察官必须提出强有力的证据。

张军强调,尽管嫌疑人被大陪审团起诉,基于无罪推定的原则,嫌疑人依然被假定为无罪。张军说:“起诉的大陪审团与参与案件最终审理的陪审团的性质是不一样的,如果给嫌疑人定罪,检方提供的证据要让参与审理的大陪审团的每一个成员都能够排除合理怀疑。”

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