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应对人口萎缩和老龄化,日本把希望寄托在了机器人身上
国际在线报道(记者 杨欢):人口老龄化、少子化已成为当今世界一个突出的社会问题。低生育率和老年人口的增加,不仅会加剧政府的财政负担,而且会制约一国的经济增长,造成劳动力供给减少、创新能力减弱、消费需求降低等问题。
日本是世界上老龄化问题最严重的国家,65岁以上老年人口在总人口中占比达到27%。作为应对措施,日本一直在积极探索利用智能科技,解决劳动力短缺、无人养老等问题。日前,记者随中日韩三国合作秘书处(TCS)组织的“中日韩三国媒体采访团”走访了日本东京的多家机器人研发企业和高校研究所,得以一窥日本依靠机器人应对老龄化的经验和成果。
老龄化倒逼日本大力研发机器人
日本社会的老龄化问题日益严重
“日本是一位上了年纪的世界公民”——美国彭博新闻社的报道生动地描述了日本严重的老龄化问题。走在东京街头,经常能遇到白发苍苍的服务人员,他们有的是清洁工,有的是地铁工作人员,还有的是出租车司机。日本职场上的老年人如此之多,一方面源于日本人自立不依靠别人的价值观,另一方面也和日本社会老龄化的现实有关。由于老龄化日趋严峻,养老金的发放成为日本政府的一大负担,也令老人普遍缺乏安全感,现实的生活压力是日本老人选择继续工作的一大原因。
根据日本总务省近日公布的数据,截至2017年1月,日本总人口为1.26亿人,较2016年减少30多万人,已是连续8年减少。65岁以上老年人口为3411.64万人,占总人口的27%,连续3年是未满15岁人口(1594. 55万人)的2倍以上,少子老龄化的差距在持续扩大。预计未来50年,日本总人口将萎缩1/3,65岁以上老年人口占总人口的比例将升至40%。
面对劳动力减少、人口高龄化的严峻现实,日本政府选择借助科技创新来化解这个社会问题,即在各行各业引入机器人来代替人力。这在外界看来是一项大胆、超前的策略。
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