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中国国家基本公共卫生服务项目拓展到12类 老年人健康管理纳入其中

2017-07-10 20:32:46   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 林维):人口大国中国近年来致力于促进基本公共卫生服务均等化,确保民众看病更加便利、慢性病防控更加有效。基本医疗卫生制度已经作为公共产品向居民提供。目前,国家基本公共卫生服务项目已达12项,涵盖预防接种、老年人健康管理等。

为城乡居民免费自愿提供基本公共卫生服务,是中国公共卫生领域的一项长期的、基础性的制度安排。中国国家卫生计生委基层卫生司副司长高光明10日在北京举行的新闻发布会上介绍,中国基本公共卫生服务项目自2009年实施以来,覆盖了越来越多的人群,也覆盖了越来越多的服务项目。“项目自2009年实施以来至2016年,基本公共卫生服务项目内容从9类扩展至12类,主要针对我国当前面临的慢性病患者人数快速增加、社会老龄化程度不断加深、新旧传染病防控形势依然严峻等主要公共卫生问题。服务免费,直接面向群众,主要由全国71万多家基层卫生服务机构,包括社区卫生服务机构、乡镇卫生院和村卫生室提供。”

这12类公共卫生服务项目的服务对象覆盖了城乡全体居民,并突出了对儿童、孕产妇、老年人以及重点疾病患者的健康管理。高光明列举了居民可以享受的具体服务内容:“例如,为居民建立电子化的健康档案;为0-6岁儿童提供家庭访视和随访服务,大家非常熟悉的免费接种疫苗服务就是基本公共卫生服务项目的内容。0-6岁期间,根据国家接种的程序表,一共要接种28次。还有为孕产妇提供建立《母子健康手册》和产前检查;为65岁以上老年人提供包括血常规、尿常规、肝功能、肾功能、空腹血糖、血脂等健康体检;为高血压、糖尿病、严重精神障碍以及肺结核患者提供随访和用药指导服务等。”

数据显示,截至2015年底,全国居民电子健康档案建档率达76.4%,老年人健康管理1.18亿人。2016年,全国孕产妇系统管理率达到91.6%,6岁以下儿童管理率达到92.4%。

今年中国基本公共卫生服务补助经费标准将达人均50元,而中国的人口总数超过13亿。据卫计委项目资金监管服务中心主任张朝阳介绍,近年来,国家逐步加大对公共卫生项目的资金支持,同时也加强了对资金的管理。“基本公共卫生项目的实施得到了政府的全力支持,资金投入得到保障。自2009年在全国范围内开始实施以来,政府人均补助标准从15元增加到了2016年的45元。第二方面是规范考核和科学评价成为这个项目的品牌,考核评价工作由国家卫生计生委和财政部统筹组织,建立起了有效的监管制度和统一的技术规范,并将考核结果与下一年度资金拨付挂钩,这是第一个在国家层面建立长效绩效评价机制的公共卫生项目。”

据了解,开展公共卫生项目的下一步工作将主要围绕提高居民感受度和增强居民获得感展开,加强社区卫生服务机构硬件建设和队伍培养就是其中的重要部分。来自天津市河西区友谊路街的姜奶奶今年60多岁,她通过和社区家庭医生签约,享受到了良好的医疗服务。“比如说我是高血压患者,一般大医院人比较多,可是自己社区有这个保健站,有这个国家公共服务项目,为什么不在家门口解决呢。而且(家庭医生)她不是简单地光是治疗给药,她还详细帮助你分析病因、而且她科学地指导你的生活安排,所以她能非常精准地给我用药。两年多的时间我就停药了,而且现在有3-4年没有服药,我的血压基本比较平稳。”

人人享有基本医疗卫生服务,是健康中国建设的主要目的和奋斗方向,也是深化医改的总目标。据国家卫计委透露,未来还将鼓励有条件的地方探索逐步向居民个人公开电子健康档案,并鼓励地方充分利用移动互联网信息技术,以多种线上服务的形式为群众提供便捷的基本公共卫生服务,实现健康管理在基层。

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