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技术演进时代职业培训不容忽视

2017-07-10 15:42:50   国际在线

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台驻美国记者 赵新宇):今年5月,美国总统特朗普建立了美国科技委员会,为提升美国联邦政府的科技水平,已经数次与美国科技企业高管开会,商讨科技创新事宜。IBM首席执行官罗睿兰7月初对美国媒体表示,当下迫切需要让美国工人为不可避免的技术发展做好准备。此前,美国电商巨头亚马逊的创始人兼首席执行官贝索斯也曾特别提到,美国政府需要充分利用现有的商用科技、加强职业培训、人工智能等各类技术和措施,这正与美国当下有关技术创新与人力资源错配的讨论不谋而合。

今年6月,美国总统特朗普再次召集美国各大科技企业领导者在白宫举行圆桌会议,讨论技术创新问题。亚马逊首席执行官贝索斯提到,政府在创新方面需要做几件事,其中之一就是加强职业培训,“(我们需要)持续努力找到再培训的方法,提升美国工人的技能。我们亚马逊就有一个名为‘职业选择’的计划,已经有1万名员工参与到这个计划中了。”

贝索斯所提到的亚马逊“职业选择”计划,其实是亚马逊对其在运营中心工作的员工提供的二次职业培训计划,内容涉及护理、编程等多项课程,目的是让员工未来有能力选择更多不同的职业机会。亚马逊现有的第八代运营中心已经利用先进的仓储管理系统、智能分拣和传输系统以及Kiva智能机器人技术大幅提升了工作效率,未来全部机械自动化并非不可实现。亚马逊负责公共事务的全球高级副总裁杰伊·卡尼此前接受采访时曾提到, “‘职业选择’计划是指,如果亚马逊运营中心的员工希望进一步接受职业教育的话,亚马逊将帮他们预付95%的职业教育相关的费用,这样他们在学习相关技能以后就有机会获得有更高收入的工作。接受职业教育后员工有可能继续留在亚马逊工作,也有可能有其他的职业发展,比如说护理、航空电子或者商业卡车司机等。我们认为这对于运营中心的员工而言是一项非常棒的项目。”

亚马逊负责设备及硬件业务的全球高级副总裁大卫·林普此前接受中国媒体采访时说,虽然目前机械研究、人工智能等技术都处于早期发展阶段,但未来十年将对人们的生活带来极大的改变,“关于未来设备发展的前景,我认为,具备机器学习、人工智能等技术在内的智能设备的发展将成为未来硬件设备发展的大趋势。计算机技术尤其是各种新算法的发展,为我们提供了无限的可能性,让我们如今可以做到很多以前不可想象或者完全无法做到的事情,我相信,在未来的10年,这些人工智能和机器学习将以令人难以置信的方式极大地改变人们的生活。”

美国总统特朗普上任后,持续关注增加美国人就业机会的问题,美国各大制造商和科技企业也纷纷就此表态,但不争的事实是机器人对于美国产业工人岗位的剥夺。使用机器人不但可以提升效率,更可以减少让企业管理者头疼的劳资纠纷和法律问题。因此,在人工智能所不擅长的领域,加强对人的教育培训就是当下政府着眼于未来的思考方向。

亚马逊负责国际市场零售业务的全球高级副总裁罗素·高表示,技术演进提高了生产力,提供了新的工作,一些旧的工作自然会被淘汰掉,所以说创造就业机会不仅是企业的事情,更是政府的事情,要让人的生产力和工作能力能随着技术的改变而变迁,“我不认为我们应该停止发明创新,停止发展能让我们把事情做得更好的技术,因为我们想了太多工作将如何改变,这是错误的思路,当工作发生变化时,这该是社会和政府的任务去找到如何培训人员,如何雇用工人的解决办法,工作岗位的变化持续在发生,已经很久了。”

技术、人工智能对于人类社会的改变或许当下还难以让普通人想象,但正如亚马逊等科技企业所强调的,对于现有劳动力的技能提升和未来人口的教育与培训是必须重视的社会问题。

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