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“一国两制”是治国理政的伟大创举

2017-07-01 21:02:31   光明网

作者:北京大学法学院教授、全国人大常委会香港基本法委员会委员 饶戈平

“一国两制”的科学构想勾画出一幅国家和平统一战略和治国理政模式的新蓝图,形成为改革开放时期的一项基本国策,率先在香港、澳门实行,由此开启了当代中国乃至世界一种全新的国家治理实践。从历史和全局的视角考察,中国在实现整体发展、取得旷世成就的同时,也保持了回归后香港澳门的繁荣稳定,开创了国家统一的和平方式与国家治理的崭新模式,向世界展现了中国智慧、提供了中国方案。

6月26日,中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在国家博物馆参观香港回归祖国20周年成就展。全国政协副主席、香港特别行政区行政长官梁振英等陪同参观。 新华社记者 兰红光 摄

从“一国两制”实践的国家层面看,首先,中央成功运用和平方式实现了港澳的顺利回归。回望历史,二战后大多数殖民地脱离宗主国时难免经历血与火的洗礼。与此截然不同,中国实行和平统一、“一国两制”,收回香港、澳门没有动用一枪一炮,没有出现重大社会动荡,无缝交接,平稳过渡,和平实现了从英国、葡萄牙殖民管治到回归祖国怀抱的历史变革,以最小代价铸就了国家统一大业的历史丰碑,树立了和平解决国际争端的典范,赢得国际社会赞誉。其次,中央保障港澳社会实现平稳的政治转型,确立起崭新的特别行政区制度。与大多数新独立的前殖民地国家或地区难免经历动荡混乱的制度转型期不同,“一国两制”保障了香港澳门在一夜之间回到祖国怀抱,成功确立和适应举世无双的特别行政区制度,把社会动荡减少到最低限度,树立了脱离殖民管治地区政治转型的成功范例,令国际社会刮目相看。最后,中央有效恢复行使主权,开创了治国理政的新篇章。中央破天荒实施“一国两制”,对实行资本主义的港澳地区恢复行使国家主权,严格依照宪法和基本法办事,有效行使对港澳的全面管治权。从负责与港澳相关的外交、防务到决定全国性法律在港澳的适用,从任命行政长官和政府高官到解释基本法,从发布政制发展的决定到启动经贸合作的重大举措,把“一国两制”实施纳入国家整体发展战略,倾力支持特区政府依法施政,促进港澳社会全面发展。桩桩件件,彰显中央治国理政能力。

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