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【理上网来·热点解析】“一国两制”是国家利益和港澳利益的最大公约数

2017-07-01 14:52:33   光明网

一国两制”构想气魄宏大,世人称奇。说其伟大,因为它集中体现了中国共产党人的历史担当、战略胸怀、政治包容和制度自信。

(一)“一国两制”构想蕴含着老一辈领导人对维护主权、国家统一的历史使命感和责任感。历史遗留的领土问题印记了近代中国苦难屈辱的一页。毛泽东同志在新中国成立之初谋篇布局时,把香港问题放在内外战略考虑,决定“暂不收回”,采取“长期打算,充分利用”的方针,以此保留新中国与西方世界的联系通道,体现了斗争的灵活性与维护国家整体长远利益原则性的高度统一。历史证明是完全正确的。以邓小平同志为代表的老一辈领导人把收回失地、完成国家统一大业视为神圣职责,念兹在兹,舍我其谁。在他们坚强的理念和意志中,“一国”原则、主权原则是至高无上的、无条件的,构成“一国两制”构想的核心价值。邓小平在1982年同英国前首相撒切尔夫人谈香港问题时就坚定表示,主权问题不是一个可以讨论的问题,对此中国没有回旋余地。正是这种令人敬仰的历史担当精神和国家意志,成为“一国两制”构想的原动力。

(二)“一国两制”构想基于重要的发展理念,实现了发挥港澳优势、加快国家现代化建设的价值最大化。古往今来,领土回归、国家统一问题的解决通常都伴随兵戎相见,作为战略家的邓小平反其道而思之,着眼国家发展全局,审视世界大势,打破冷战思维,把和平解决国际争端原则创造性用于处理国家统一难题:同英国、葡萄牙谈判解决香港、澳门回归问题,把国家统一的成本降到最低限度。时值国家进入现代化建设的重要历史时期,在解决回归的大前提下,为国家改革开放营造一个和平环境,继续利用香港在资金、人才、管理等方面的优势,是加快国家现代化建设的现实需要,是成熟政治家的明智选项,也是符合历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义的科学决策。和平统一、“一国两制”正是邓小平为新时期国家发展战略设计的出路和办法。事实证明,持续稳定发展的港澳在国家现代化建设和改革开放事业中,发挥了十分重要的历史性作用。

(三)“一国两制”构想来自超凡脱俗的政治包容和制度自信。小平同志力排众议,坚持制度创新,主张一个社会主义国家可容许个别地区长期保留资本主义,把两种原本对立的制度融入一国,坚守“一国”之本,善用“两制”之利,和而不同、互济双赢,其胆识、其气度、其胸怀非常人可比。这种政治包容,从不同而和中发掘出国家利益和港澳利益的最大公约数。“一国两制”体现了共产党人的政治智慧,体现了对国家主体实行社会主义制度的高度自信,坚信社会主义能够带来中华民族的复兴,坚信共产党有定力、有能力驾驭“一国两制”的正确航向。

(四)“一国两制”构想源于中国特色社会主义理论,丰富、发展了这一思想宝库。一国之下、两制并存的构想,是对马克思主义国家学说的重大创新,体现了中国共产党人勇于探索、善于创新的气魄,开创了一种史无前例的国家治理模式,丰富和发展了中国特色社会主义理论和实践。

“一国两制”构想一经提出,其必要性、正当性和生命力立即显现出来,犹如一座巨大灯塔,光芒四射,照耀着中国新时期国家统一和国家治理的历史进程。

历史已经并将继续证明,“一国两制”伟大构想是国家解决历史遗留领土问题最现实、最明智的政策选择,是治理回归后港澳的最佳制度安排,是国家利益和香港、澳门利益的最大公约数,是老一辈领导人留给我们的政治遗产中的一份瑰宝。(作者:北京大学法学院教授、全国人大常委会香港基本法委员会委员 饶戈平)

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