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探秘“复兴号”:中国标准动车组牛在哪儿

2017-06-26 13:58:47   

6月25日,由中国铁路总公司牵头组织研制、具有完全自主知识产权、达到世界先进水平的中国标准动车组被命名为“复兴号”。

中国铁路总公司党组书记、总经理陆东福在命名仪式上说,将中国标准动车组命名为“复兴号”,寄托着中国铁路人对中华民族伟大复兴的追求和期盼。

从2012年开始研发、2014年完成方案设计,到2015年下线、2017年正式亮相……历时5年研制成功的中国标准动车组到底牛在哪?在命名仪式上,记者登车一探究竟。

为什么要研制“复兴号”

从“解放”型到“建设”型蒸汽机车,从“东风”型内燃机车到“韶山”型电力机车,再到“和谐号”动车组……中国“火车头”有着光荣的历史传统。中国高铁有了“和谐号”,为何还要研制“复兴号”?其实,从“中国标准动车组”这一名字中就可以找到答案。

我国高铁发展的起点是2004年后引进的1型车、2型车、3型车和5型车四种不同技术平台。后来,我国消化吸收再创新造出了自己的高铁,但是,有一个问题仍然没能解决。中国铁道科学研究院研究员张波说,这些技术平台的标准不统一,调配车可能出现“挂不上”或者“缺座位”的情况。

此外,因为车型标准不统一,车站要备有各种备用车,检修车间要备齐各种车型的零部件,甚至司机也要学会各种车型,重复建设情况严重。

为此,自2012年开始,我国启动了时速350公里中国标准动车组的研制工作。研制过程中,利用大西高铁综合试验线、郑徐高铁、哈大高铁开展中国标准动车组试验和运用考核,并进行了420km/h交会、重联试验,创造了高铁列车交会、重联运行速度的世界最高纪录。

目前,“复兴号”中国标准动车组有“CR400AF”和“CR400BF”两种型号。其中,“400”为速度等级代码,代表该型动车组试验速度可达400km/h及以上,持续运行速度为350km/h。今后,中国铁路总公司将根据运输市场需求,逐步研发CR300和CR200系列中国标准动车组。

  “复兴号”有哪些新亮点

坐过“和谐号”的乘客会发现,动车组车顶有个“鼓包”,那其实是受电弓和空调系统。在“复兴号”动车组上,这个“鼓包”被下沉到了车顶下的风道系统中,这让列车阻力比既有CRH380系列降低7.5%~12.3%。列车在350公里时速下运行,人均百公里能耗能下降17%左右。

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