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那热德遗址附近河谷 (摄影:邵风雷)
国际在线报道(记者 罗来安):6月21日,“2017丝绸之路·天山道”综合科考队再次来到巴音布鲁克草原那热德遗址。经过多日考察,专家认为,那热德遗址是距今大约3000年前的太阳祭坛,该遗址建筑受到中原文化的影响,与著名的红山文化牛河梁祭坛和北京天坛关联密切。
距离和静县大约200多公里处的那热德遗址首次发现是在1993年,但当时没有对其做进一步的考古工作。去年8月,社科院考古所研究员、新疆考古队队长巫新华带队对该遗址进行了综合考察,并提出这是距今3000年前太阳祭坛的观点。这一发现引起各界广泛关注。今年科考队在此基础上又对遗址进行了更详细的考查,取得了新的重大发现。
那热德遗址航拍图 (摄影:江玉杰)
负责测量工作的考古专家覃大海介绍,遗址中心最初是一个用卵石混杂泥土建成的巨大圆锥体,它的顶部有一个塌陷坑。这个中心石堆的外围构筑了3道石围,最外层的石围直径达100米,里面两个石围直径分别是50米和70.7米。
科考队专家组惊奇地发现,每两条相邻石围的直径长度之间形成了一个非常接近根号2(1.414)的等比例关系,它们之间的方圆关系也符合中国古代经典《周髀算经》中的“数之法出于圆方,圆出于方,方出于矩,矩出于九九八十一”,即勾股弦定理的基本原理。
覃大海说:“这个建筑是有规制的一个建筑,因为它不是一组数比例成了根号2,3个都成了。那么我们就要从另外角度重新去理解,应该是人为的运用这种数理方法建造的,可能是跟某种古代遗址的一种建筑制度有关。”
科考队马赛博士做的航拍画图
据了解,我国距今5000多年前的红山文化牛河梁遗址2号祭坛就是由3个同心圆组成的,3圆直径分别是11米、15.6米和22米,这3个数字也正好是一个结果为根号2的等比数列。建于600年前的北京天坛,也有类似的同心圆和等比例数列关系。
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