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机场净空:守护战鹰的安全航路

2017-06-21 08:13:41   

我国军用机场大多修建于上世纪六七十年代,当时选址都远离大中城市的中心地带。随着经济社会迅猛发展,城市化进程日益加快,一些军用机场周边超高建筑群、人为漂浮物等障碍物增多,净空环境恶化,对作战训练的组织实施和飞行安全带来很大影响。机场净空直接关系到机场功能的发挥和战斗力的提升,保护机场净空环境刻不容缓。

现状堪忧:

经济社会发展,净空环境不容乐观

2003年,中原某机场因城市扩容而整体搬迁,如今,随着市区“长大”,陷入再次搬迁的境地;西北某军民合用机场净空区有多处违建项目拔地而起,机场被迫关闭了部分航线……

近年来,经济社会高速发展,城市建设日新月异,使得原本相对偏远的机场,离市区越来越近,有的地方竟出现“城市包围机场”的现象。笔者在空军部队采访了解到,许多军用机场周围违章超高建筑物日渐增多,突破机场净空限制面,部队不得不调整飞行程序、改变航线、加装导航设备或提高机场开放条件。

而随着一些地方生态环境的好转、通信电力等基础产业的发展和人们休闲娱乐活动的日益丰富,军用机场周边空中猛禽、群居性飞禽迁徙、人工豢养飞禽等鸟撞风险因素剧增,通信发射基站、大功率电台、高压输电塔等影响电磁环境的设施越来越多,无人机、三角翼、动力伞、热气球、孔明灯、风筝等“低慢小”目标活动频繁,这些因素也对机场净空安全造成了严重影响。

据新华社报道,在过去的近20年中,我国50%以上的军用机场净空环境遭到破坏,10多个军用机场被迫关闭或搬迁,导致飞行事故征候近百起。2015年10月下旬,东北大量农户集中在农田焚烧秸秆,产生了浓厚的烟尘,加上持续逆温和弱风的气象条件,导致某军用机场所在地出现重度雾霾天气,航空兵部队飞行训练被迫推迟。

军用机场净空遭到破坏,轻则影响训练进程,重则导致飞行事故发生,造成人员伤亡和国家财产损失,严重损害国防利益。2006年11月14日,原兰空航空兵某团上校飞行员李剑英驾驶战机在返场下降途中撞上鸽群,飞机发动机失去动力,不幸遇难。

深度解析:

法规制度待完善,保护意识需加强

华南某机场净空区内一处商品楼群超高,引起军地各级的高度关注,当地政府也下达了拆除超高部分的行政处罚决定,但由于实施起来难度很大,至今未能妥善解决。

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