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英国与欧盟正面交锋,特蕾莎•梅如何跨越三道难关?

2017-06-20 08:17:30   国际在线

特蕾莎·梅(资料图)

“生存,还是毁灭”,这是丹麦王子哈姆雷特的经典独白。

“硬脱,还是软脱”,这是英国首相特蕾莎·梅的艰难抉择。

6月19日,英国与欧盟正式开启“脱欧”谈判。一场酝酿已久的正面交锋,终于拉开了大幕。不过,这次谈判双方的筹码天平,因为近期发生的一系列事件,已经悄然发生了倾斜。

先看执意单飞的英国。本来特蕾莎·梅信心满满地宣布提前大选,是要借此获得更多民意支持、建立强势政府,从而扫除与欧盟谈判的障碍、在正式谈判中获得更高要价。哪知,人算不如天算,竞选政策的失误、恐袭事件的发生等种种因素混杂在一起,导致保守党最终失去议会绝对多数议席,不得不寻求小党的支持来成立少数派政府,这就意味着未来政府的任何决策,特别是与脱欧相关的政策要在议会中通过,恐非易事。

这一点,谈判的另一方——欧盟自然是看在眼中,抓在手里。一方面,欧盟为了防止出现多米诺骨牌效应,已经放话不会在与英国谈判时妥协,表现出强硬不退让的姿态。另一方面,欧盟核心成员——德法两国这两天都陆续向英国喊话,说欧盟的大门依旧敞开,英国现在后悔还来得及。

内外夹击之下,英国在这场脱欧谈判中的地位事实上已被削弱。对于特蕾莎·梅来说,眼下与欧盟谈判中要跨越的难关,至少有三个。

 一、“硬脱”还是“软脱”?

在如何脱欧问题上,英国各党派的主张分歧是很明显的。比如,保守党主张“硬脱”,也就是谈不拢就一拍两散;工党主张“软脱”,与欧盟通过谈判达成协议;自由民主党是亲欧派,北爱尔兰小党民主统一党则对 “硬脱欧”持保留意见。

即便在保守党内部也不是铁板一块,有激进“脱欧”派,也是相对强硬“脱欧”派,还有“留欧”派。大选结果显示,那种不顾一切地 “硬脱欧”立场显然没有获得选民的支持,激进的政策主张也难以在“悬浮议会”中通过。英国《星期日邮报》一项最新民调结果显示,超过半数受访者对特雷莎·梅的“硬脱欧”策略表示反对,支持英国与欧盟达成某些协议后“脱欧”的受访者比例高达65%。

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