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法国新总统马克龙:登顶政坛易 推动改革不易

2017-06-19 19:41:55   新华网

新华社北京6月19日电 题:马克龙:登顶政坛易推动改革难

新华社记者陈俊侠

在刚刚结束的法国国民议会选举中,法国新总统马克龙所领导的共和国前进党获得308个议席,一举成为占国民议会多数的法国第一大党。该党刚成立一年零两个月便占据总统宝座和议会多数,堪称创造了一个奇迹。

今日欧洲,“马克龙现象”既是街谈巷议的话题,也是专家学者研究的对象,因为他颠覆了人们对法国政党政治的诸多固定认知。一直以来人们都认为:新生党派不可能取得政权,从政经验不丰富的年轻人难担大任,没有基层工作经历的人难获民众认可……而这些都被39岁的马克龙一一打破。他在选举中的表现告诉人们,在特定历史时期,很多政治“铁律”都会失效。

今日法国,经济低迷,失业率高企,民族矛盾尖锐,恐怖袭击频发,国际影响力走低……这些导致民众不满情绪日增。正是在这样的大背景下,新面孔马克龙才得以横空出世。他的执政能力还未得到实践的真正检验就已得到选民特别青睐,他的异军突起折射的是法国传统政治生态的衰落和传统政党的日渐式微,是法国社会对该国政治生态进行反思和调整、力图寻求改变的一种“临时性现象”,因此他入主爱丽舍宫的成功之路是难以复制的。

国民议会第二轮选举被称为“总统选举第三轮”,但法国民众弃投率却高达接近57%的历史新高,而共和国前进党及其执政同盟民主运动党也没有如媒体预测的那样获得400至450个议席。可以看出,多数法国人对现行民主制度深感失望,即使被很多人寄予厚望的马克龙也没能激起广泛的投票欲望。

共和国前进党占据国民议会多数,为马克龙放开手脚实施改革打开了方便之门。但在改革的道路上,他能否复制在总统选举和议会选举时的成功,法国乃至欧洲各国的舆论并不乐观。

在前总统密特朗执政后期,法国就开始酝酿改革,但20多年过去了,改革却依然举步维艰。如今,法国国内面临更多的沉疴积弊,推行改革更加不易。对于马克龙来说,欧洲和法国政治生态的因缘际会使得他登顶法国政坛的路途一路顺风,但是在他推进法国改革之路上,恐难同样地一路绿灯。

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