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特朗普出手“棒打”古巴 美古关系回跌?

2017-06-19 08:04:34   新华网

6月16日,在美国华盛顿,美国总统特朗普离开白宫,前往迈阿密宣布美国对古巴政策。美国总统特朗普16日宣布,收紧部分奥巴马政府的美国对古巴政策,但不会关闭2015年重开的美国驻古巴大使馆。 新华社发(沈霆 摄)

美国总统特朗普近日宣布,取消奥巴马政府与古巴达成的“单方面协定”,立即生效。美古之间的恩恩怨怨由来已久,虽然2014年美古关系实现“破冰”,但“破冰”容易“融冰”难,特朗普此举意味着美古关系恐将再度反复。

与古巴达成的协议让美国亏了?

特朗普近日宣布,立即撤销前任政府与古巴方面达成的“完全不公平”的协议,禁止美国企业与古巴军方控制的企业有生意往来,同时收紧对美国公民前往古巴旅游的限制。

特朗普强调,美国将继续执行对古巴的经济、金融封锁和贸易禁运政策。不过,2015年重开的美国驻古巴大使馆不会关闭。

国务卿蒂勒森也表示,美国与古巴接触不符合美国利益。他说,“在改变古巴政权行为方面,我认为我们的成果很少……今天它(古巴政府)更没有动力改变了。”

中国社会科学院美国问题专家刁大明认为,在大选期间及当选后,特朗普多次表态称要推翻奥巴马政府的“单方面协定”。他认为两国关系正常化后美国不仅妥协太多,而且没有收到明显回报。特朗普调整对古巴政策,其实符合他自竞选以来的一贯路线,不过这种调整未必是对以前政策的彻底逆转。

特朗普为何对古巴再念“紧箍咒”

自2014年美古宣布开启恢复两国关系正常化进程以来,两国虽关系逐步缓和。特朗普为何在最近改变对古巴的政策,给已经“松绑”的美古关系再念“紧箍咒”?

专家认为,政策调整背后的美国国内党派因素不可忽视。年长的古巴裔美国人对美古接触持强硬态度,年轻的古巴裔美国人则相对赞成。而大量中老年古巴裔美国人恰恰是共和党的支持者。“年长古巴裔美国人中的大部分人是共和党‘基本盘’的组成部分,”刁大明认为:“特朗普是在用‘去奥巴马化’的做法来稳固共和党的‘基本盘’。”特朗普眼下面临“通俄门”的持续发酵和调查。“对他来说,唯一能够平稳度过各种‘门’的方法就是保持党内的团结和支持。”

分析人士认为,美古关系不会出现断崖式回跌。中国社科院拉美所中美洲和加勒比研究中心秘书长王鹏表示,美古关系正常化道路的大方向没有变化。由于双方在现实利益上的冲突、意识形态上的分歧和历史上的恩怨,两国关系必然是以一种充满波动的方式前进,这一趋势恐怕在很长一段时间内都不会改变。

美对拉美左翼国家打压力度上升

总体上看,特朗普此次对古巴出招更像是美国在利益问题上与古巴讨价还价,相互博弈。特朗普还通过此举释放了一个信号——他正以自己的方式重塑美国的拉美政策,预示着奥巴马执政期间美拉关系不断改善的趋势可能出现逆转。

另外,特朗普还要求在即将召开的美洲国家组织大会上讨论委内瑞拉问题,并将打击毒品列为美拉关系的重要议题。这一系列举动表明,特朗普政府对拉美左翼国家的打压和干预力度将有所上升,和美国内政息息相关的移民和毒品问题成为美拉关系的核心问题。

原标题:特朗普出手“棒打”古巴 美古关系回跌?

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