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中国量子卫星新成果九问:这个成果将来有何用?

2017-06-16 16:55:28   新华社

新华社华盛顿6月15日电(记者林小春 黄堃)中国科学家在国际上率先实现千公里级的量子纠缠分发,相关论文成为新一期美国《科学》杂志的封面文章。这项成果究竟有多“牛”?国内外多位专家进行了解读。

问:这个成果的内容是什么?

潘建伟(量子卫星项目首席科学家):“墨子号”量子科学实验卫星在国际上率先实现千公里级的量子纠缠分发,并在此基础上首次实现空间尺度严格满足“爱因斯坦定域性条件”的量子力学非定域性检验,为未来开展大尺度量子网络和量子通信实验研究,以及开展外太空广义相对论、量子引力等物理学基本原理的实验检验奠定了可靠的技术基础。

问:量子纠缠分发是怎样实现的?

彭承志(量子卫星科学应用系统总设计师):“墨子号”卫星运行在500公里高的轨道上,卫星上的纠缠源设备每秒产生800万个纠缠光子对。卫星经过中国上空时,同时与青海德令哈站和云南丽江站两个地面站建立光链路,跟瞄精度达到0.4微弧度,从而实现持续稳定的纠缠分发。我们以每秒1对的速度在地面超过1200公里的这两个站之间建立两个光子的量子纠缠,该量子纠缠的传输衰减仅仅是同样距离地面光纤的一万亿分之一。

问:为什么要用卫星开展量子纠缠分发实验?

彭承志:量子纠缠非常脆弱,会随着光子在光纤内或者地表大气中的传输距离增加而衰减,以往的量子纠缠分发实验只停留在100公里级的物理距离。星地量子纠缠分发作为“墨子号”卫星的主要科学实验任务之一,是国际上首次在空间尺度上开展的量子纠缠分发实验。

亚历山大·谢尔吉延科(美国波士顿大学量子技术专家):使用移动卫星覆盖全球距离的量子通信,已经成为现代量子光学和量子信息研究一个非常活跃的领域。这项技术需要发射卫星,需要与常规天文观测望远镜很大不同的卫星跟踪地面站。这同时是技术能力的挑战和示范。

问:这个实验创下了什么样的纪录?

托马斯·延内魏因(加拿大滑铁卢大学量子技术专家):他们报告了迄今观察到的最大距离的量子纠缠,超过1200公里,这是一个新的记录。第一个在实验室之外做的量子纠缠实验是在1998年,距离为米级,当时被视为“令人惊叹”;2007年,这个距离增至144公里;而现在他们证明量子纠缠能超过1000公里。

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