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伊贺市宣传忍者文化的海报
国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 朱曼君):忍者作为日本 文化标志性的符号之一,在全球范围内广为人知。然而,历史上的忍者到底是什么样子?他们果真永远一身黑衣,可以分身可以隐身,暗器百发百中,来去全无影踪吗?近日,日本三重大学人文学部副教授吉丸雄哉举行了一场别开生面的公开讲座,力求从学术的角度还原历史上忍者的真相。
近年来,由于忍者主题的动画、漫画和游戏在全球范围内走红,全世界范围内都出现了不同程度的“忍者热”,人们逐渐形成了对于忍者比较固定的认识:他们从小接受特殊训练,和中国武侠小说中的武林高手相似,可以飞檐走壁,杀人于无形。但是和中国武侠不同,忍者并不总是正面的形象,他们受雇于不同的主顾,既可以是顶级的密探,也可以是一流的杀手,而且一般忍者总是成群行动。由于雇主不同,忍者亦正亦邪,但他们总是忠于工作,为了完成使命,不惜牺牲生命。他们的惯常打扮是一身黑衣,黑纱蒙面。忍者可以熟练地使用飞廉、手里剑等多种武器,他们会常人所不能的忍术,关键时刻可以释放烟幕转瞬消失,或者用树叶变化出分身,迷惑敌人。此外,忍者身上往往还带有兵粮丸、饥渴丸、水渴丸等神奇药丸,关键时刻,只要小小一颗,就能解决人类的各种生理需求……
伊贺市宣传忍者文化的海报
不过,根据吉丸教授的研究,历史中真实的忍者可能远没有这么神奇,甚至连“忍者”这个名字都可能并不确切。
目前可以找到关于忍者的最早的文字记述是日本古典文学作品《太平记》,里面记述了1338年京都神殿的一场火灾,放火的人被称为“忍”,念作“shinobi”。日本历史上,关于忍者的记述乏善可陈,历史学家为了避免歧义,强调“忍”是从事某一特定职业的人,而在史书中,将“忍”写成“忍之者”,念作“shinobi no mono”。至于我们现在所说的忍者(念作“ninja”),其实,最早只能追溯到上世纪,而直到1950年代才通过多部小说,逐渐作为一个固有名词在日本被普遍接受。至于在影视作品中经常出现的女忍者,根据吉丸教授的研究,可能根本不存在。而男忍者们,也远没有传说中那么神武,他们主要的任务是平时收集情报,战时作为己方的内应,烧毁敌人的据点或者协助杀敌。
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