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天山科考新发现距今2500年前人类聚落遗址

2017-06-06 13:32:26   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 罗来安):“2017丝绸之路·天山道”综合科考队5日在天山狼塔古道入口处的比提山口发现一处距今至少2500年以前、保持相对完好的大型人类聚落遗址。

天山狼塔古道是穿越北天山最为漫长和危险的徒步线路。它起始于位于北疆的昌吉回族自治州呼图壁河大峡谷,由北向南翻越五座近4000米的达阪后,到达南疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州的和静县巴伦台,全程徒步距离约120公里,风光绮丽、独特。呼图壁河发源于河源峰,在当地哈萨克语中,河源峰被称为狼塔,意为有群狼守护的塔山,“狼塔古道”也因此得名。

几年前,摄影爱好者、时任巴音郭楞蒙古自治州人大常委会主任的包热在狼塔古道采风,他在途经比提山口时首次注意到了这处遗址。如今,身为科考队总顾问的包热在回忆起这段经历时依然记忆犹新。包热说:“这几年碰到节假日出来照照相,在这块时间特别多。照相镜头里发现有点不一样,石头都是堆起来的、排列的,而且很像塔什库尔干石头城一样的东西,越往上走感觉越不一样,上面石头一层一层堆起来的。前几年我就留意这个地方,这次我们天山道科考不是有个狼(塔)道吗?前期我们过来踩线,这里是狼塔必经之路,我就联想到这里过去肯定是个城堡。”

科考队总领队、社科院新疆考古队队长巫新华博士在对现场考进行考察后认为,这里更有可能是早期人类聚落遗址。巫新华说:“错落分布的全是改造这个坡地的人为建筑,用石块垒的,而且这个建筑全是聚落遗址,这样的形态根据我们的专业常识来判断,(具备)青铜时代出现的特点,距今有2500年以上。”

巫新华还进一步指出,狼塔古道由来已久,应该在3000年以前,居住在巴音布鲁克草原的牧民就翻山越岭,来到当时西域经济和政治中心呼图壁康家石门子进行朝拜,所以狼塔古道一直是连接天山南北的通道。

参加科考的北京大学考古文博学院教授齐东方是国内研究古代器皿的专家。他在现场捡到了几块灰陶和彩陶碎片,支持了巫新华博士有关该遗址是早期人类聚落的初步判断。他说:“这里很明显是个聚落遗址,有陶器相对是要定居的,因为陶器是易碎的,所以有这个东西就说明这是一个相当稳定的居住点,它不是一个吃顿饭就走的地方。有陶器通常来说跟一种比较稳定的定居生活有关系,而且附近就有水,而且有台地,又有这么大的遗址。所以这是个很重要的遗址。”

中央民族大学民族学和社会学学院文博系主任肖小勇也认同狼塔古道最晚在战国时期就已经存在。肖小勇说:“战国时期甚至更早时期这里就有人类居住出现,说明这条路在那个时候就已经存在了,它应该是一个通道了。那这个通道通到哪里去呢?它是连通巴音布鲁克草原,甚至天山北部地区和天山南部地区塔里木盆地之间很重要的交通要道。”

记者在现场看到,科考队各位专家对当天的发现都非常兴奋。科考队总领队、社科院新疆考古队队长巫新华博士已提议尽快对该遗址进行发掘。

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