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走近“高难隧道”:5分钟车程,他们要花去13年!

2017-06-06 09:49:16   新华社

新华社北京6月4日电 题:走近“高难隧道”:5分钟车程,他们要花去13年!

新华社记者樊曦

奔流不息的澜沧江畔,大(理)瑞(丽)铁路正在紧张施工之中。未来它将连入泛亚铁路网,成为又一条连接中国与东南亚的交通要道。

9年前,大瑞铁路大(理)保(山)段开工建设。从那个时候起,建设者们就和这段铁路“铆上了劲”。穿越横断山脉,豆腐式的软岩,突泥、涌水、高地热……

作为大瑞铁路全线工期控制性工程,全长14.5公里的大柱山隧道就是一个“超级拦路虎”。这条隧道的工期从最初的5年半,一度调整为8年,又再度调整为13年,预计到2021年才能完工。一洞13年,相当于举世闻名的三峡大坝的建设工期,只因为“太难了”!日前,记者驱车辗转大山深处,走进“中国最难隧道”,一探究竟。

在“豆腐”里打洞

打隧道,最怕的就是地质太复杂。

位于青藏高原东南部的横断山,是全世界最复杂、险峻的山系之一。中铁一局四公司纪委书记游宏生说,330公里长的大瑞铁路是穿越横断山脉的第一条铁路,其中仅大柱山隧道就需穿越6条断裂带。

自大柱山隧道开工以来,全国先后有500多名专家人次来此考察。他们共同的结论是:大柱山隧道融合了国内长大隧道复杂断层、涌水涌泥、软弱围岩大变形、高地热、岩爆等各类风险,地质极其复杂多变,施工难度极大,施工技术和组织难题众多,是大保段唯一一座极高风险隧道。

2009年8月5日,燕子窝断层。工人刚在断层上钻孔放炮后,没想到施工的掌子面左上角很快出现了直径20公分的溃口,不断喷涌而出的泥石流让溃口越来越大。不到五六个小时,200多米长、6米高的洞里就全被泥石流灌满了。

“勘探时知道有断层,但没想到有这么脆弱,就相当于在豆腐里打洞,周围全是泥石流。”中铁一局大瑞铁路项目经理姜栋说,隧道灌满了泥石流,施工者们只好又再挖回去,在距离泥石流20米的地方建止浆墙,再注浆到泥石流中加固,“把豆腐变成冻豆腐”,再一点点挖开。

燕子窝断层,核心地段156米,从2009年8月到2011年10月,他们整整花了26个月。

 洞中能行船

说起“超长、高压、富水岩溶断层”,许多人并不知道这意味着什么,即使看过许多隧道建设的记者也没想到,隧道里的水会“多到能行船”。

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