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中国最难隧道:工期5年延到13年 26个月只掘进156米

2017-06-05 09:57:47   中国青年网

5分钟车程,他们花去13年!走近“中国最难隧道

新华社记者:樊曦

在我国西南边陲,百年滇越铁路的西边,奔流不息的澜沧江畔,一条铁路正在紧张施工之中。它叫大(理)瑞(丽)。未来它将连入泛亚铁路网,成为又一条连接中国与东南亚的交通要道。

9年前,大瑞铁路大(理)保(山)段开工建设。从那个时候起,建设者们就和这段铁路“卯上了劲”。穿越横断山脉,豆腐式的软岩,突泥、涌水、高地热……在大江南北建设过不少铁路、公路、桥梁的建设者们在此遇到了前所未有的挑战。

全长14.5公里的大柱山隧道就是一个“超级拦路虎”。作为大瑞铁路全线工期控制性工程,这条隧道的工期从最初的5年半,一度调整为8年,又再度调整为13年,预计到2021年才能完工。一洞13年,相当于举世闻名的三峡大坝的建设工期,只因为“太难了”!有位建设者说,以前觉得在喀斯特地貌打隧道难,现在才知道跟这儿比一点都不算什么。

“中国最难隧道”到底有多难?日前,记者驱车辗转大山深处,走进大柱山隧道建设工地,一探究竟。

在豆腐里打洞——

(图为大柱山隧道内涌水形成的瀑布,其下为澜沧江)

打隧道,最怕的就是地质太复杂。

位于青藏高原东南部的横断山,是全世界最复杂、险峻的山系之一。山在这里一改自西向东的惯例,齐刷刷由北向南横贯而下,阻断东西方向的交通,故名“横断山”。

历史上,人类在此开辟的每一条道路都付出了沉重代价。1938年修筑的滇缅公路有着“血路”之称,修筑过程中几乎每一尺公路上都凝结着鲜血,而半个世纪之前修筑成昆铁路时,一千多名铁道兵埋骨青山。

“放在20年前,这样的项目想都不敢想。”中铁一局四公司纪委书记游宏生说,成昆铁路实际上只是从横断山边缘擦过去,而330公里长的大瑞铁路是穿越横断山脉的第一条铁路,其中仅大柱山隧道就需穿越6条断裂带。

断裂带意味着什么?自大柱山隧道开工以来,全国先后有500多专家人次来此考察。他们共同的结论是:大柱山隧道融合了国内长大隧道复杂断层、涌水涌泥、软弱围岩大变形、高地热、岩爆等各类风险,地质极其复杂多变,施工难度极大,施工技术和组织难题众多,是大保段唯一一座极高风险隧道。

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