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践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念 向世界贡献中国智慧

2017-06-05 20:32:09   光明网

作者:当代中国研究所研究员 刘国新

绿水青山就是金山银山”已成为当代中国的发展共识。2013年9月7日,习近平主席在哈萨克斯坦纳扎尔巴耶夫大学发表演讲时首次在国际场合提出这一理念,向世界昭示中国引领生态文明建设的美丽愿景,把中国追求“绿水青山”与践行一个大国应有的承诺与责任联系在一起。

20世纪60年代以来,世界范围内的环境污染与生态破坏日益严重,环境问题和环境保护逐渐为国际社会所关注。滥伐森林、水土流失、臭氧层破坏、全球气候变暖等现象,无不昭示着保护环境的必要性。作为负责任的大国,中国政府积极履行国际职责和义务,高度重视生态文明建设和环境保护。

发展低碳经济向世界贡献中国智慧。中国政府言出必行,采取有效措施应对气候变化,并付诸实际行动。“十二五”以来把推动绿色低碳发展作为生态文明建设的重要内容,结合推进供给侧结构性改革,加快推动绿色、循环、低碳发展,形成节约资源、保护环境的生产生活方式。积极采取强有力政策行动,有效控制温室气体排放,增强适应气候变化的能力。

“十二五”碳强度累计下降了20%,超额完成了“十二五”规划确定的17%目标任务。能源结构进一步优化,2015年非化石能源占一次能源消费比重达到了12%,超额完成了“十二五”规划所提出的11.4%的目标。2016年全球二氧化碳排放没有增加,有国际舆论认为主要是中国作出了贡献,因为中国的二氧化碳增长缓慢,煤炭消费大大减少。“十三五”规划在此基础上进一步提高,目标是能耗的强度要下降15%,碳强度要下降18%,非化石能源的占比要达到15%,森林蓄积量增加到151.37亿立方米,提前实现了到2020年增加森林蓄积量的目标。

不仅如此,习近平主席在联合国的会议上还宣布,2017年中国将要启动全国的碳市场。此前,中国已经在7个省市开展了碳市场的试点工作,做到了有机构、有地方立法确定配额,建立配额的分配办法,以及核算报告、核查的体系,建立了交易规则,完善了监管的体系和能力建设,基本形成了要素完善、特点突出、运行平稳的地方碳排放权交易市场。截止到2016年9月,全国7个试点碳市场配额现货累计成交量达到1.2亿吨二氧化碳,累计成交金额超过了32亿元人民币。这些进展彰显了中国以实际行动应对气候变化的决心,都受到国际舆论的持续关注。

作为负责任的大国,中国政府积极参加联合国进程下的国际谈判。在履行国际公约推进全球绿色发展方面,中国率先制定实施应对气候变化国家方案,先后向国际社会承诺2020年应对气候变化目标任务和2030年国家自主贡献,以强有力的政策行动,探索低碳发展道路。超额完成《蒙特利尔议定书》规定的含氢氟烃(HCFCs)第一阶段淘汰任务,累计淘汰的消耗臭氧层物质约占发展中国家的50%。在《斯德哥尔摩公约》26种受控持久性有机污染物中已全面淘汰了17种的生产、使用和进出口,三个行业二噁英排放强度降低超过15%。积极建设性参加气候变化国际谈判,认真履行《联合国气候变化框架公约》。中国还作为首批签约国签署并批准《关于汞的水俣公约》。

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