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作为今年世界环境日的主办国,加拿大靠什么守护绿水青山?

2017-06-05 19:22:34   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 王高飞):自1974年以来,每年的6月5日都是世界环境日。今年世界环境日的主题是“人与自然,相联相生”(connecting people to nature),主办国是连续六年被联合国评为最适合人类居住的国家——加拿大。丰富壮观的自然遗产、人与自然和谐相处的生态环境,是加国人民引以为傲的财富,也是国家认同感的源泉。加拿大在环保方面做出了怎样的努力才会为民众创造如此舒适的环境?记者采访了两位现居加拿大的华人和一位现居北京的加拿大人,深入了解加拿大“人人参与”的环保举措。

 垃圾分类处理严格仔细 提高违规成本控制污染

已经移居加拿大的北京人郭利君说,从宏观层面来看,加拿大对土地及生态系统的重视程度是世界上数一数二的,加政府对土地的整体使用规划和生态环境的保护做得很好,把土地分为两种用途,一种是农业用地,第二种是城市用地,这两种土地是不能相互转换的,也就是说,被联邦政府和省政府划定为农业用地就不能再用为城市用地,反之亦然。

郭利军拿温哥华举例说,温哥华的房子越来越高,公寓越来越多,即便是独立的房子,院子也很小,但会建成三层,充分利用空间高度。为了保障人类的生活质量和原有的生态环境,加拿大政府不允许随着人口的增加无限制建设购物中心或者工厂等。宁可牺牲经济增长,也要保护生态环境,这就是为何加拿大能够连续六年被联合国评为最适合人类居住的国家。

郭利君及其夫人(郭利君供图)

微观层面上,郭利君说,加拿大在垃圾分类上的处理非常到位,每家每户每年都要缴纳房产税(或称地税),这部分费用里就含有垃圾清理的服务费用,而且每家都会配置垃圾分类设备,有两个大桶,配有黑色盖子的垃圾桶用于收集塑料等不可降解或难降解的垃圾,另外一个绿色盖子的垃圾桶用于收集厨余、草、树叶等可降解的垃圾,这两种垃圾必须严格分类。

郭利君讲述了他亲身经历过的一件事情,刚到加拿大时的某天早上,清理垃圾的工作人员曾拒绝收走郭利君家的垃圾,原因是他不小心在绿色垃圾桶里放入了一个装食品的小塑料盒,尽管塑料盒很小,但工作人员依然将垃圾桶退还给郭利君,将垃圾重新分类后才收走。郭利君说,如果当时本人不在场,工作人员会用不干胶给垃圾桶贴一张纸条,标明未收走垃圾的原因,如垃圾未分类、超重、超出体积等。这样一件小事让他看到了加拿大在垃圾分类处理上的严格和仔细。除了工作人员用肉眼检查以外,每一个垃圾桶上都有编号,在市政府的管理系统中可查询,垃圾桶在倾倒过程中会扫描编号,如果扫描中连续三次出现未分类垃圾,市政府会给你发邮件提出警告,如果第四次出现,那么所缴纳的垃圾清理费用将会比别人高,通过这种制度来督促居民们做垃圾分类

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