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我国北方小麦陆续开镰收割

2017-06-03 20:31:04   新华网

6月2日,河北省巨鹿县柳林村的农民在收获小麦。近期,河北省小麦由南至北陆续成熟,农民开始适时收割小麦。据了解,2017年河北省小麦收获面积预计达3400多万亩。 新华社记者 杨世尧摄

新华社济南6月3日电(记者 邵琨、叶婧)近一段时间以来,我国北方小麦陆续进入收获期,产区麦香四溢,遍地金黄。记者在一些主产区看到,田间地头随处可见农业机械来往穿梭和村民忙碌的身影。

3日上午,山东省小麦收获开机仪式在山东省嘉祥县举行,标志着山东5700多万亩小麦开镰收获。今年山东小麦收割预计6月8日—6月12日进入高峰,6月18日左右结束。今年“三夏”,山东省计划上阵小麦联合收割机14.5万台、玉米播种机28万台。

如今的麦收已不同以往,不少“高大上”的设备让麦收全程机械化,让农业更智慧。

记者在嘉祥县开镰现场看到,十几台联合收割机整装待发。其中一台“谷神”收割机吸引了人们的注意,它每小时可以作业16亩。相比传统的人工收割一人一亩地需要作业10小时来说,效率大大提高。

传统的耕作方式采用旋耕,在耕层15厘米-25厘米之间形成了一层坚硬的犁底层,影响作物根系伸展。如今,农民用上了机械化深松机,在不翻土、不打乱原有土层结构的情况下,就可以疏松土壤,打破犁底层,增加土壤耕层深度。

山东省济宁市农机局农机管理科科长窦同秀说,今年的深松作业还用上了信息化检测手段。从过去的人工用尺子随机抽查,变为电脑全程监控,质量和效率大大提高。通过对比试验,深松过的地块,抗旱、蓄水能力增强,小麦、玉米每亩平均增产26.1公斤、41.2公斤。

不仅收割、耕作有科技含量,秸秆打捆也比过去省时省力。在山东省嘉祥县纸坊镇后商村的麦田里,记者看到捡拾打捆机将田间铺放的条形麦秸自动捡拾起来,通过输送喂入、压捆成型、打结包扎等工序,形成了规则的长方体草捆。

在河南,麦田里也很难看到手持镰刀弯腰收割的农民,取而代之是一台台田间轰鸣的联合收割机。目前,河南小麦机收率已达98.8%,日投入联合收割机12.5万台。全省麦收已过半,部分地市麦收已接近尾声。在周口市西华县黄泛区农场,当地农户已经忙着晒麦。

为保障夏收质量和效率,各地涉农部门加强了服务培训力度。河北省涉农部门组成技术服务队进村入户、包片驻点,加强监控和技术服务。山东省农机部门为农机手提供了16万余人次的培训,还与公安、交通、经信等部门协作,为2万多台参加跨区作业的农机和技术服务车发放了免费通行证,协调石油供应企业启动农机优惠加油卡行动,油价在挂牌价基础上优惠2%-3%。

据农情调度会商,河南、陕西、河北等北方地区小麦长势均好于往年,丰收几成定局。

气象专家提醒,正值麦收之际,北方一些省份将会有降水过程,并伴有雷暴大风等强对流天气,容易造成小麦大面积倒伏,影响机收质量和进度。建议小麦已成熟地区的农民,抓住雨前有利时机抢收抢晒,确保颗粒归仓。

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