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北京空气质量逐步恶化? 北京环保局批驳十大谣言

2017-06-02 16:05:25   北京晨报

北京市环保局批驳十大谣言

“雾霾含抗生素耐药性细菌,将导致药物失去作用?”“汽车尾气比雾霾天空气干净10倍?”“‘煤改气’是加剧灰霾空气的‘帮凶’?”等等,这些谣言在公众中传播甚广。昨天,第四届北京环境文化周启动,市环保局公布十大环保谣言并一一批驳。

谣言1空气中有抗生素耐药性细菌,呼吸这样的空气将导致药物失去作用?

剖析:北京大学第一医院抗感染科主任医师、全国细菌耐药监测学术委员会副主任委员郑波教授介绍,雾霾对人类健康是有危害的,比如对心血管系统、呼吸系统等,但目前没有证据表明雾霾造成耐药性细菌或耐药性基因的流行,“耐药性基因环境中一直有,并非因为有霾才有耐药性基因”。

谣言2市政府通知飞机洒药治白蛾需躲避?

剖析:此类谣言假借政府、专家等权威的公信力,编造所谓的“内部消息”,以此提升谣言的说服力、迷惑性。对此,北京市林业保护站表示,北京市进行的飞机洒药属防治林业病虫害工作,洒药地点离居民区很远,飞防药剂属于昆虫生长调节剂,对人畜无害,而且北京飞防林业病虫害进行了近40年,不用躲避。

谣言3汽车尾气比雾霾天的空气要干净10倍?

剖析:汽车尾气主要是氮氧化物、碳氢化合物等气态污染物,对PM2.5的贡献主要是二次污染转化,这是手持式PM2.5检测仪检测不出来的,更不用说这种检测仪的准确性还尚待验证。根据目前的科学共识,PM2.5大部分是通过二次转化生成的,在北京本地污染源中,机动车排放的污染物对PM2.5的年均贡献在30%左右,非采暖季要占到40%。

谣言4有硫酸铵才发布红警?

剖析:此类谣言牵强附会,逻辑混乱。该谣言关联伦敦致命酸性大雾,危言耸听,其实,伦敦雾致命元凶为高浓度二氧化硫,硫酸铵虽有害健康,但急性毒性不大。而且,按照《北京市空气重污染应急预案》规定,红色预警的启动条件为,预测连续4天及以上出现重度污染,其中2天达到严重污染;或单日空气质量指数(AQI)达到500及以上,且将持续1天及以上时。硫酸铵不是发布红色预警的标准。

谣言5“煤改气”是造成北京地区“丰富水汽”的主要来源,是加剧灰霾空气的“帮凶”?

剖析:中科院大气物理所研究员王自发表示,按照我国当前的天然气消耗量计算,假如每年燃烧天然气产生的气态水全部转化成液态水,平摊在全国人口集中的东部地区,液态水的厚度仅占大气中可降水量的几十万分之一,影响微乎其微。

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