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六分之一日本儿童生活窘迫 民间组织尝试打破“连锁贫困”
森之子儿童中心馆长大成喜江子接受记者采访
国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 朱曼君):今天是六一国际儿童节。据日本官方统计,每六个日本孩子中,就有一人生活在贫困之中。为了让低收入家庭的孩子也能吃饱吃好,近年来日本各地涌现出大量的“儿童食堂”。为什么发达国家日本也会出贫困儿童问题?儿童食堂的设立又能否真的帮助贫困孩子们健康成长?记者近日走访了日本贫困儿童比例最高的冲绳县的两家儿童食堂,了解相关情况。
在发达国家日本,真的会有这么多穷孩子吗?就职于日本财团的贫困儿童问题专家花冈隼人在接受采访时说:“日本的贫困儿童比例是16.3%,也就是说,平均每六个孩子,就有一个生活在贫困之中,特别是在单亲家庭中贫困儿童的比例,日本更是高居经合组织之首。之所以会出现这样的情况,是因为大部分单亲家庭都是妈妈带着孩子,而(在日本)男女之间的工资差距和生孩子之后很多女性无法以正式员工的身份回到工作岗位等因素,加剧了单亲家庭孩子的贫困率。”
森之子儿童中心职员桃原弘子正在给孩子们准备晚饭
其实,出现如此之高的贫困儿童比例,和日本政府所采用的统计方法不无关系。按照厚生劳动省的标准,家庭可支配收入不到全国中位值一半的家庭即被认为是“贫困家庭”,生活在这样家庭中的孩子则属于贫困儿童。按照这种统计方法,目前日本大约有贫困儿童155万人。
然而,这个数字遭到了不少日本人的质疑:既然有这么多穷孩子,为什么在日常生活中很难感觉到身边有贫困儿童呢?花冈隼人说,这是由于日本独有的社会现象“隐性贫困”造成的:“贫困家庭中很多都是单亲家庭。他们的收入首先用来支付房租,然后在饭费之前,一般用来缴手机费,或者买游戏机。究其原因,就是他们也不希望别人发现自己穷,所以会要把钱用在房子、衣服、手机和游戏机这些别人看得到的地方。但是还有一个可以辨别他们的方法,就是经过一个长假,比如寒假或者暑假,这些家庭的孩子往往都会在回到学校的时候瘦一圈。因为上学的时候有学校的免费午餐,而假期则没有。”
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