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潮平两岸阔,风正一帆悬——中欧关系42年述评

2017-05-30 09:21:14   新华网

李克强总理即将启程赴欧洲,除对德国、比利时进行正式访问外,将在布鲁塞尔同欧洲理事会主席图斯克和欧盟委员会主席容克举行第十九次中国欧盟领导人会晤。这是中方又一次重要的对欧外交行动。中欧关系将再次吸引世人的目光。

中国欧盟领导人会晤每年举行一次,今年会晤的背景不同以往。经济全球化遭遇逆风,保护主义甚嚣尘上。世界经济复苏势头好于预期,但仅维持低速增长,各主要经济体结构性改革任重道远。国际难移民问题未解,恐怖主义威胁日益严峻,民粹思潮泛滥。美国特朗普政府内外政策调整引发大国关系新一轮互动,国际形势中弥漫着复杂而不确定的情绪。以中欧关系的稳定发展应对世界形势的不稳定性,成为国际社会的强烈呼声。

中欧关系稳定发展具备坚实基础。双方政治关系不断升级,致力于共同打造和平、增长、改革、文明四大伙伴关系。中欧贸易额在40多年间增长了250多倍,目前已达每年5000多亿美元。双向投资方兴未艾,吉利沃尔沃、东风标雪等越来越多的中欧企业结成战略伙伴,实现合作共赢。2016年,中欧双向往来人员数量接近660万人次,每周600多个航班往返于中国和欧洲之间。双方积极推进人员往来便利化安排,致力于为人员交往创造更多便利条件。中欧近70个磋商和对话机制涵盖政治、经贸、人文、科技等各个领域,双方交流互动密切。中欧关系日趋成熟稳定,已成为世界上最重要、最具影响的双边关系之一。

中欧关系稳定发展符合双方共同利益。欧洲正经历几十年来最艰难的改革时期,英国脱欧、恐怖袭击、民粹坐大等问题的深层原因是欧洲经济社会发展遭遇瓶颈。中国市场及其未来发展前景极具吸引力,是欧洲助推自身发展的现实选择,也是重要机遇。对中国而言,经济发展进入新常态,正在践行五大发展理念、推进供给侧结构性改革、加快新旧动能转换,有着深厚经济社会积淀的欧洲是学习借鉴的重要对象,也是实现跨越式发展的重要合作伙伴。中欧发展战略契合,合作潜力巨大。“一带一路”倡议同欧洲投资计划对接、欧洲国家踊跃加入亚洲基础设施投资银行、中欧设立共同投资基金、建立互联互通平台等,有望为中欧合作增添新的动力。

中欧关系稳定发展是推进全球治理的需要。中欧是当今世界两大市场,二者经济总量之和占全球经济总量1/3。中欧携手合作,将为促进世界经济增长、维护以世贸组织为核心的多边贸易体系、推动打造开放型世界经济、引导全球化的正确发展方向提供助力。中欧是当今世界两大力量,负有维护世界和平与稳定的国际责任。近年来,中欧共同促成了应对气候变化《巴黎协定》,为达成和执行伊朗核问题全面协议作出贡献,在维和、反海盗等领域加强合作。在推动政治解决地区热点问题、打击恐怖主义、促进可持续发展等方面,国际社会期待更多的中欧方案。

中国和欧盟分别是最大的发展中国家和最大的发达国家集团。中欧国情存在差异,在一些问题上看法并不一致,近一段时间在一些经贸问题上的分歧引起不少关注。中方要求欧盟全面履行中国加入世界贸易组织议定书第15条有关义务,欧洲人抱怨中国产能过剩、市场不够“对等开放”等等。回顾历史,中欧之间也曾有过矛盾和摩擦,之所以总能克服困难、不断前进,一条重要的经验就是坚持相互尊重、平等互利、对话协商、求同存异。只要双方都从长远眼光和战略高度看待中欧关系,就完全能够妥处分歧,成为友好合作的典范。

2017年注定将成为中欧关系发展进程中不平凡的一年。正如中欧双方领导人所说,全球化不是“零和游戏”,而是“正和游戏”,中欧越来越成为利益高度交融的命运共同体。在纷繁复杂的国际形势下,中欧双方面对严峻的共同挑战,也面临难得的合作机遇。李克强总理欧洲之行在即,相信在双方共同努力下,中欧合作定将取得新的成果,第十九次中国欧盟领导人会晤将向世界发出明确的积极信号。(欧阳文晓,国际问题观察员)

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