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让租房者有居住尊严

2017-05-26 10:46:55   

提起租房,很多大城市里的“漂一族”都有一把辛酸泪,几乎每个人都能讲出一段租房“黑历史”来。现在,“漂一族”们的境遇有望得到改善。日前,我国首部专门针对住房租赁和销售的法规《住房租赁和销售管理条例》(征求意见稿)发布,最引人关注的就是其中对租房市场着墨较多,近一半的篇幅放在了如何保障租房人权益。

对城市里的租客而言,这无疑是个熨帖人心的消息。以往担心被黑中介、黑房东坑,现在有了法规撑腰:“出租人不得采取暴力、威胁或者其他强制方式驱逐承租人,收回住房”“合同中没有约定租金调整次数和幅度的,出租人不得单方面提高租金”等等。以往押一付三、动辄得交一个月中介费的付费方式,让很多年轻人不堪重负,而征求意见稿中明确“鼓励出租人与承租人签订3年以上的租赁合同,房租按月支付”。这些新规为“漂一族”们开启“租房的美好时代”,摁下了快进键。

一个有温度的社会应该让居者有居住尊严,不管居住的是出租屋还是自家院。据统计,目前我国在城镇租房居住的人口约为1.6亿,占城镇常住人口的21%。在大城市,这一比例更高。一份北京租房报告显示,北京常住人口中选择租房的比例将近37%,平均每11个月就换一次房,“稳居”已成为很多租客的奢望。该报告还显示,租客对房东和中介的满意度普遍很低,押金不退、随意涨房租、拒绝维修、卷款跑路等是租客常常遭遇的问题。

一个城市的包容度,很大程度体现在对外来人口的态度上。如果赖以栖身的出租屋暗藏各种陷阱,租客对城市的认同感和归属感自然会受影响。本质上,房屋租赁市场乱象也是感知城市治理的一个切口。当契约精神在租房市场中近乎失效时,当房东、中介与租客在租房市场地位严重不对等时,说明这个市场是扭曲的,租房未回归正常的“市场交易”属性,对应的市场监管也是缺位或失灵的。在正常的市场环境中,房租支付周期、该不该涨价等应该多方议价,但目前租客很难有对等的博弈空间。以法规形式明确保障租客权益,用法规撑腰垫高租客在市场博弈中的地位,弥补他们议价能力的欠缺,从而进一步规范租房市场,很有必要。

徒法不足以自行,关键还得靠落实。有些租房市场乱象屡屡整治却仍难消除,问题就在于缺乏有效的投诉受理和快速解决机制,缺乏强力的追责手段。这也是《住房租赁和销售管理条例》需要解决的难点。此外,目前租房成为购租并举的住房制度中的短板,租客话语权畸弱,也与大城市出租房供应端不足有关。这就需要保障租房房源的供应,廉租房、公租房等保障房供应必须到位。此前国办发布《关于加快培育和发展住房租赁市场的若干意见》提出,发展以住房租赁为主营业务的专业化企业、商业用房改建后可作为租赁住房等,都是在供给侧着力。希望这些政策中的个税抵扣等激励性举措,能够更有效地落地。

(作者:佘宗明 原标题:让租房者有居住尊严)

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