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《百年孤独》出版五十周年纪念会举行 文学交流拉近中拉距离

2017-05-26 10:02:38   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 杨喆):今年恰逢哥伦比亚文学大师、诺贝尔文学奖得主加西亚·马尔克斯的长篇小说《百年孤独》出版五十周年;而马尔克斯担任记者时期撰写的非虚构文学作品《一个海难幸存者的故事》也将于今年与中国读者见面。5月24日下午,《百年孤独》出版纪念活动及《一个海难幸存者的故事》中文版首发式“海难幸存者的十天与百年孤独五十年”在北京大学举行。中国读者可以更多地了解马尔克斯通过作品传达出来的拉美历史和人文风情,文化交流进一步拉近了中国和拉丁美洲的距离。

谈到《百年孤独》这部被认为是20世纪最重要的经典文学巨著的问世经历,哥伦比亚驻华大使奥斯卡·鲁埃达告诉我们:“1950年当加西亚·马尔克斯年仅23岁时,写下了《布恩迪亚之家》的小说手稿,在这个故事里首次出现了奥蕾莉亚诺·布恩迪亚上校(《百年孤独》的主人公)和虚构的马孔多小镇。在之后的十五年里,马尔克斯先后在6个国家担任记者,他一直带着这份手稿,直到1965年才坐下来连续写作十八个月,之后从其定居的墨西哥将这部作品的一半稿件邮寄到阿根廷出版社,因为身上仅剩的8美金只够缴纳全部邮费的一半。为了交付手稿的另一半,马尔克斯不得不抵押了妻子的首饰。投稿之后,他的夫人梅塞德斯问:‘在你抽掉了3万根香烟,又折腾掉一万美金之后,如果这部小说最终不好,我们该怎么办呢?’”

然而事实是这本书初版发行的八千本在两周内就已售罄,时至今日,该书的总发行量已经超过4千万册,并被翻译成了四十多种语言。

相比《百年孤独》来说,《一个海难幸存者的故事》对于中国读者来说还有些陌生。这部非虚构小说中文版的译者陶玉平老师指出,要想真正读懂这部作品,首先要了解那一时期哥伦比亚处于独裁统治的这一国情。

陶玉平说:“我们今天要了解这部作品,一个很重要的前提是我们必须了解拉丁美洲许许多多个国家在近两百年时间大多数经历过军人专制统治时期。作为一个有良知的新闻记者,加西亚·马尔克斯为这部作品付出的代价是人所共知的。在严酷的新闻检查面前,他也不得不在国外渡过了漫长的漂泊岁月,就像在筏子上漂流的水兵一样。我们说炸毁一座用谎言堆砌起来的国民英雄的雕像,是需要非凡的勇气的。”

早在上个世纪80年代,马尔克斯的作品在中国文学界就受到了极大的关注。中国作协副主席、著名评论家李敬泽先生认为,马尔克斯的作品之所以震撼,不仅是因为他高超的文字功底和大师级叙事水准,还因为它有很强的辐射力和方法论的意义。

李敬泽说:“对于我们这些搞文学的人来说,他等于是教给了我们很重要的问题,就是语言对于时间的创生能力。语言赋予、创造出一个关于时间、关于世界的结构和知识,这个在我们当时,我觉得是革命性的小爆炸。”

中国与拉美在地理上相距遥远,但近年来频繁的文化交流拉近了彼此的距离。中国对外演出公司副总经理秦文焕认为这样的文化交流和碰撞意义重大。

秦文焕说:“我们是多年从事文化交流工作的,我想文化交流的一个基本的功能或者说意义是让我们欣赏到世界多元文化,同时让我们具有更大的包容心。”

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