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山东将关停中国唯一海底煤矿

2017-05-22 08:25:30   经济参考报

在渤海之滨的山东省龙口市,工人正在将海底矿井下的采煤设备运出矿井,中国唯一海底煤矿将于今年10月正式关停。

山东能源龙矿集团北皂煤矿于1983年建成投产,是一座集煤炭和油页岩生产于一体的现代化海滨矿井。在矿井入口处,“冲向海域”四个大字表明这座煤矿的特殊身份。

海底采煤面位于海平面以下350米深,需要切换多种交通工具才能到达。

在工作人员的陪同下,记者首先乘坐罐笼下井,立井深180米,一分钟左右就可到达。随后记者乘车约20分钟,到达海底巷道。

北皂煤矿矿长李恭建指着巷道内壁密密麻麻的支架说,海底巷道地质条件复杂,矿压大,巷道的支护要更加牢固。

在轨道的尽头,记者看见两扇厚厚的铁制防水闸门。李恭建说,海底采煤最关键的技术是防止海水溃入,一旦发生海水溃入,可以就地关闭或从地面远程控制关闭防水闸门,将海域与陆地分区隔离开采。这样的防水闸门,井下共有7道。

防水闸门里面还有一道栅栏铁门,工人们称之为“篦子门”,可以阻挡水中的杂物,防止杂物冲进防水闸门。

北皂煤矿是典型的三软煤层,陆地区域煤炭储量不多。投产不久,在龙口创业的山东能源人就将目光投向了近在咫尺的海洋,并多次组织技术人员到英国、日本等考察海下采煤技术。

2005年6月18日,北皂煤矿海域首采面H2101试运转一次成功。中国成为继英国、日本、美国、澳大利亚之后世界上第5个进行海下采煤的国家。同时,该煤矿在海域使用综采放顶煤回采工艺,是世界海下采煤史上首次使用这一技术,标志着中国海下采煤技术进入世界先进行列。

如今,北皂煤矿井田煤炭资源分为陆地和海域两部分。陆地井田面积9平方公里,海域煤田开发面积18平方公里,已安全回采近10个工作面,生产原煤800多万吨。

经过30多年的开采,北皂煤矿煤炭年产量从225万吨减至130万吨。按照国家化解过剩产能政策要求,在进行综合效益测算后,北皂煤矿决定在今年10月底关井闭坑。

陪伴了半辈子的矿井要关停了,很多工人恋恋不舍。矿井工人董少华说:“我在这里工作了近30年,对井下有很深厚的感情,现在矿井面临关闭减产,我们心里酸酸的。”在北皂煤矿,像董少华这样的工人有1580名。煤矿已经制定了职工安置方案,让工人分流安置到位。

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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