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专家认为穆迪下调中国主权信用评级评价有偏差 分析框架应改进

2017-05-24 20:11:34   国际在线

国际在线消息(记者 徐艳清):5月24日,国际评级机构穆迪将中国主权信用评级从Aa3下调一级至A1。中国财政部当日回应认为,穆迪下调中国主权信用评级方法不当,一定程度上高估了中国经济面临的困难,低估了中国政府深化供给侧结构性改革和适度扩大总需求的能力。中国的财经专家在接受本台记者专访时表示,穆迪的评价有偏差,应改善其分析框架。

穆迪预计未来中国经济增速将持续放缓。中国财政部就此表示,穆迪关于中国实体经济债务规模将快速增长、相关改革措施难见成效、政府将继续通过刺激政策维持经济增速等观点,在一定程度上高估了中国经济面临的困难,低估了中国政府深化供给侧结构性改革和适度扩大总需求的能力。

对此,中债资信评估责任有限公司评级技术副总监霍志辉分析认为,穆迪下调中国主权评级有偏差,不符合中国经济实际,“我们中国的经济现在是在好转。我们的经济形势从去年的三季度、四季度,包括今年一季度增速是逐季上升的。经济形势在好转,国内整个的经济情况在好转,不应在这个时点选择下调中国的主权级别,它现在下调是不合适的。”

事实上,今年以来,中国经济延续了去年下半年以来稳中向好的发展态势,今年一季度中国GDP增长6.9%,同比加快0.2个百分点,主要经济指标增长好于预期,经济结构持续优化。中国财政部认为,中国经济“开门红”充分显示出供给侧结构性改革的效果正在不断显现。随着一系列重大政府措施落地见效,国企、财税、金融、价格等重点领域和关键环节改革持续深化,“一带一路”建设扎实推进,新动能培育与传统动能改造提升协同发力,中国经济有望继续保持平稳较快增长。

统计显示,去年中国政府债务的负债率(债务余额/GDP)为36.7%,低于欧盟60%的警戒线,也低于主要市场经济国家和新兴市场国家水平,风险总体可控。而穆迪却预测2018年中国政府直接债务将达到GDP的40%,2020年将达到45%。

中国财政部就此回应说,今后,随着中国供给侧结构性改革的不断推进,政府举债受到严格控制,政府债务规模将保持合理增长,加上中国GDP有望继续保持中高速增长,也将为地方政府债务风险防控提供根本支撑。2018-2020年中国政府债务风险指标与2016年相比不会发生大的变化。

中国人民大学经济学院副院长郑新业分析称,穆迪除了低估中国经济增长,对中国依靠发债来发展经济的预期也有偏差,应当将供给侧结构性改革纳入其分析框架,“穆迪认为中国政府会继续用增加赤字、发行债务来刺激经济。这是他们基于历史的观察对未来的预期。现在到了改变的时候了。中国政府控制债务的时候,已经看出来这几年控制债务的努力,这是一个方面。更重要的是什么呢?中国现在转向更多地依靠供给侧结构性改革、效率提升这个角度来进一步地发展经济。穆迪不要用历史的眼光往后推,要增加对中国特殊的宏观调控或者是供给侧结构性改革的关注,将这些新的要素纳入他们的分析框架。”

中国财政部还认为,综合中国预算法、担保法、公司法等法律,穆迪所谓的地方政府融资平台、国有企业等债务水平持续增长会增加政府或有债务的说法,是根本不成立的。这一观点说明一些国际机构对中国法律制度规定缺乏必要的了解。不论是中央国有企业、还是地方国有企业包括融资平台公司,其举借的债务依法均不属于政府债务。

在中国人民大学经济学院副院长郑新业看来,穆迪基于西方经济体的评价方法应当改善,“穆迪评级是一个西方机构,它是基于西方的或者是全球大多数发达经济体的运行规律、概念、分析框架、市场规则来做的评价,难免对中国的评价有偏差。它做出不恰当的评价,我们应该想办法帮助它优化改善方法,增加新的观察问题的角度。”

而穆迪下调中国主权信用评级,正是基于“顺周期”评级的不恰当方法。

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