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环保部:逐步建立以排污许可制为基础管理体系

2017-05-24 00:51:37   经济参考报

记者 高伟 北京报道

5月23日,环境保护部举行5月份例行新闻发布会,介绍我国环境保护标准有关情况。环保部表示,我国正在逐步建立以排污许可制为基础的新型环境管理制度体系。

针对我国环境保护标准相关情况,环境保护部科技标准司司长邹首民介绍说,现行国家环境质量标准16项,已经覆盖了空气、水、土壤、声与振动、核与辐射等主要环境要素;现行国家污染物排放(控制)标准163项,其中大气污染物排放标准75项,控制项目达到120项;水污染物排放标准64项,控制项目达到158项。“总体而言,我国大气、水污染物排放标准中控制的污染物项目数量和严格程度与主要发达国家和地区相当”。

邹首民介绍说,一些新的环境标准正在制订当中。以土壤环境标准为例,我国现行的土壤环境标准是1995年发布实施的,由于发布的时间比较长,存在一些问题。国家“十三五”规划规定,2017年计划发布农用地和建设用地土壤环境质量标准。

事实上,环保部三年前就开始启动土壤环境质量标准的修订,对土壤污染防治特别是土壤污染场地的修复分成两大类:一是农用地土壤环境质量标准,一个是工业场地土壤环境标准。邹首民表示,“我们分别叫作农用地土壤环境质量标准,以及建设用地土壤污染风险筛选指导,这个标准从2015年开始,已陆续向社会征求了三次意见,目前还在进一步修改。我们希望今年年底能把这两个标准就分别针对农用地和建设场地的标准,按计划出台。”

环境保护部科技标准司同日发布的《国家环境保护标准“十三五”发展规划》(下称《规划》)明确,我国正在逐步建立以排污许可制为基础的新型环境管理制度体系。新体系下,国家、地方环保标准与排污许可、环境影响评价、总量控制、排污收费等制度的衔接配套需系统梳理,明确标准的定位与作用。

邹首民说,“十三五”期间,环保部将围绕落实《规划》,重点开展几方面工作。首先,加快制订一批关键标准。抓紧出台一批急需的环境质量标准和污染物排放标准,有效支撑水、大气、土壤环境管理和排污许可等重点工作。其中,发布的重要环境质量标准包括农用地、建设用地土壤环境质量标准,海水水质标准,近岸海域生态环境质量评价规范,乘用车内空气质量评价指南,城市区域环境振动标准。发布的重要污染物排放标准包括农药、电子、涂装、油漆涂料、染料、污水综合、大气综合等固定源污染物排放标准,以及轻型车和重型车国六、船舶发动机、摩托车和轻便摩托车国四、非道路移动机械等移动源标准。

其次,是加大环保标准实施评估工作力度。发布《国家污染物排放标准实施评估工作指南》,推动火电、钢铁、炼焦、纺织等污染物排放标准实施评估,掌握标准实施效果与问题,提出管理及标准制订建议,为管理决策和标准制订提供技术支撑。

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