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油气体制改革推进 有望打破垄断释放市场活力

2017-05-22 11:05:25   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 肖中仁):根据近日出台的一份深化油气体制改革文件,今后中国将完善并有序放开油气勘查开采体制,鼓励具备条件的油气企业发展股权多元化和多种形式的混合所有制等。专家指出,这将有利于释放竞争性环节市场活力。

中国石油天然气产业涉及数十万亿元人民币资产和数百万从业者利益,长期以来被认为是打破行业垄断、推进改革的“硬骨头”。为了改革这一状况,中国政府近日出台了深化石油天然气体制改革的指导意见,明确提出通过改革促进油气行业持续健康发展。中国国际经济交流中心信息部部长王军表示,油气体制改革意见的出台正逢其时。

王军说:“当前整个国际油价和能源价格处于相对低位,波动比较平稳,同时国内的物价水平和PPI水平处于相对比较合理的阶段,这个时候推动改革,相关市场主体对价格运行风险比较可控,环境和条件比较合适,同时国有企业改革也在朝纵深推进,油气(体制)改革在这样的大背景下推出正逢其时。”

这份《意见》部署了八个方面的重点改革任务,包括完善并有序放开油气勘查开采体制,逐步形成以大型国有油气公司为主导、多种经济成分共同参与的勘查开采体系;完善油气进出口管理体制,建立以规范的资质管理为主的原油进口动态管理制度,以提升进口油品质量。此外,重点任务还包括改革油气管网运营机制、改革油气产品定价机制、深化国有油气企业改革、完善油气储备体系等等。

在中国企业改革研究院执行院长李锦看来,这份意见对上游油气勘查开采、中游管网、下游油品等环节都明确了以市场化改革为方向。他说:“石油和天然气勘探加快引入市场机制和市场竞争,还有市场销售这一块更进一步放开,管网这一块要控制,但是要加强市场化因素。体制方面的改革突破了,混合所有制自然而然发展起来了,有望在今年打破垄断,让更多民资、包括部分外资进入油气领域,在今年下半年会有明显的变化。”

近几年,中石油、中石化、中海油等国有油气企业分别在不同程度上推进混合所有制改革,并取得一定进展。这份《意见》进一步明确,鼓励具备条件的油气企业发展股权多元化和多种形式的混合所有制;支持工程技术、工程建设和装备制造等业务进行专业化重组,作为独立的市场主体参与竞争;推动国有油气企业“瘦身健体”,采取多种方式剥离办社会职能和解决历史遗留问题。对此,王军评价说:“油气行业长期以来承担大量社会职能,办学校、医院等,这次借助国有企业改革和油气体制改革,把非企业的这些社会功能进行剥离,‘瘦身健体’是为了提高效率,更好地还原企业的基本属性。”

《意见》还明确,各地区各部门及重点油气企业要制定切实可行的专项工作方案及相关配套措施,确保改革有序推进。中国企业改革研究院执行院长李锦建议说:“哪些领域要完全开放,哪些不放开要明确,列出负面清单。再一个政府和市场、企业三者的关系和边界要划清楚,这样有利于改革的快速推进,不再犹犹豫豫。”

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