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中国海域可燃冰试采成功 2030年有望实现商业开发

2017-05-19 14:54:20   国际在线

国际在线消息(记者:肖中仁):国土资源部中国地质调查局18日在南海宣布,中国正在南海北部神狐海域进行的可燃冰-又称天然气水合物试采,实现连续超过8天的稳定产气,这标志着中国成为全球第一个实现了在海域可燃冰试开采中获得连续稳定产气的国家。业内分析认为,可燃冰有望在2030年实现商业开发,降低中国能源的对外依存度。

可燃冰,是由天然气和水在高压低温的条件下形成的类冰状的结晶化合物,形似冰雪,能被直接点燃,所以被形象地称为“可燃冰”。18号,中国国土资源部部长姜大明在南海北部神狐海域“蓝鲸一号”钻井平台宣布,中国首次海域可燃冰(天然气水合物)试采成功!这是中国首次,也是世界第一次成功实现开发难度最大的泥质粉砂型天然气水合物的安全可控开采。中国地质调查局副总工程师、天然气水合物试采现场总指挥叶建良介绍说:“从5月10日正式出气试点火成功,到目前为止,我们已经连续开采八天了,日产超过一万方以上,最高日产达到了3.5万方,这种连续稳定的出气,达到了我们原来预定的目标。”

全球可燃冰研发活跃的国家除了中国,还有美国、日本、加拿大、韩国和印度等,各国竞相投入巨资开展可燃冰的试采,竞争异常激烈。美国、加拿大虽然在陆地上进行过试采,但效果不理想。2013年,日本曾尝试进行过海域可燃冰的试开采工作,虽然成功出气,但六天之后,由于泥沙堵住了钻井通道,试采被迫停止。2017年4月日本在同一海域进行第二次试采,第一口试采井累计产气3.5万立方米,5月15日再次因出砂问题中止产气。

与日本试采的可燃冰矿相比,中国海域主要属于泥质粉砂型储层,这也是占全球90%以上比例的储藏类型。由于砂子颗粒细导致渗透率更差,同时中国的可燃冰水深大、储层埋层浅,施工难度更大。而这次试采,到目前为止已经连续稳定出气八天。中国的突破,对于全世界而言更具有可参考和借鉴的价值。

国土资源部中国地质调查局副局长李金发表示,这次试开采成功,不仅表明中国天然气水合物勘查和开发的核心技术得到验证,也标志着中国在这一领域的综合实力达到世界顶尖水平。他说:“这一次天然气水合物的试开采成功,我们是优先抢占了领跑和技术高地,实现了我国在天然气水合物开发上的领跑,将会推动整个世界能源利用格局的改变。”

据预测,全球可燃冰的资源量相当于已发现煤、石油、天然气等化石能源的两倍以上,而中国可燃冰资源储存量约相当于1000亿吨石油,其中南海海域是可燃冰的主要分布区,有近800亿吨储量。可燃冰也是世界公认的一种清洁高效的未来替代能源。在同等条件下,可燃冰燃烧产生的能量比煤、石油、天然气要多出数十倍,以一辆使用天然气为燃料的汽车为例,一次加100升天然气能跑300公里的话,那么加入相同体积的可燃冰,这辆车就能跑5万公里。

中国能源网首席信息官韩晓平表示,如果可燃冰得以大规模开发利用,将降低中国能源对外依存度,预期到2030年有望实现商业开发。他说:“中国是工业化能力比较强的国家,一旦掌握了诀窍后,它的开采难度应该说比石油天然气还要简单一些,因为资源埋藏不深,在水下1000多米的地方再往下采掘2-300米就可以获得,而海底石油还需要在水下钻数几千米。而且可燃冰可以在中国南海相对近岸开发,降低开发的成本。如果技术相继攻克后,我们预计在2030年会形成工业性气流,如果再积极一点2025年会形成,但这取决于油价预期,一旦油价上涨,开采可燃冰的成本优势就会体现出来。”

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